Honors Political Science Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Honors Political Science - Research Paper ExampleThe American semipolitical system has been mostly unkind to third parties. Third parties function more as sideshows or irritants than significant rivals in US elections. Third parties, such as the American Vegetarian society, Libertarian Party, Nativist Know-Nothing Party and Agrarian populist troupe, have been invaluable as safety valves with regard to alienated voters, as well as sources of parvenu ideas. When these new ideas become popular among the electorate, principal parties typically adopt the ideas. In the last half of the twentieth century, third parties were considered as transitory and primarily had insufficient and ineffective infrastructures (Aldrich 211). In 1948, southerlyers rejected the Democratic Partys turn towards civil rights thus, the Southerners exited to establish the Dixiecrats or otherwise called States Rights Democratic Party. Dixiecrats vista Storm Thurmond won many popular votes and 39 electoral vot es from numerous Southern states. In the very(prenominal) year, Henry Wallaces party, which had broken away from the leftist Democratic coalition, formed the Progressive Party and won a majority of the votes scattering the North and Midwestern votes. Two decades later, similar civil rights issues pushed a Southern breakaway political group to unite in the American Independent Party allowing George Wallaces party to win nearly 10 million votes. In the modern era, third parties draw the most tending by being the heroic independent voice against the nominees of the main parties.

Purpose of Article 234 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Purpose of Article 234 - Essay Example(3) Where any such question is raised in a case pending before a court or tribunal of a outgrowth State, against whose endings there is no judicial remedy under national rightfulness, that court or tribunal shall deal the matter before the Court of Justice.We can see that the European Court of Justice can moreover deliver preliminary rulings in certain circumstances and from a limited subset of organisations - namely courts and tribunals. Certain criteria must be fulfilled before a national court or tribunal can lambaste Art 243. Closer examination of the provisions of the Art 234 get outs us to ask the following questionsArticle 249 makes it pass water that a European amount of money Decision is binding in its entirety upon those to which it is addressed. In this case the European Union Decision requires all member states to take unavoidable measures to ensure that pension schemes are equalised for male and effeminate workers in orde r to eliminate any forms of difference based on gender. The Italian government has lead responsibility to make sure it is implemented.What is not empower on the facts before us is whether there is a question of partnership rightfulness to be interpreted. The European Court of Justice will not nab any other matter. ... e the European Union Decision requires all member states to take necessary measures to ensure that pension schemes are equalised for male and female workers in order to eliminate any forms of discrimination based on gender. The Italian government has lead responsibility to make sure it is implemented. What is not clear on the facts before us is whether there is a question of Community law to be interpreted. The European Court of Justice will not hear any other matter. This is the only ground on which a national court or tribunal can request a preliminary ruling. If we mend back to Art 234(1) applicants must establish that they require a ruling which pertains to e ither the interpretation of the accord itself and or the interpretation and validity of an act by a European Community institution. With regard to Council statues, the code itself must grant permission for preliminary hearings on the statue Art 234(1)If there is no question of Community law to be interpreted then Maria will be denied her request for the Italian medical examination Council to seek a preliminary ruling. The European Court of Justice has powers to neither interpret domestic law nor pass judgement on the compatibility of domestic law with European Community law Van Gend en Loos (case 26/62). In Costa v ENEL (case 6/64) the European Court of Justice said a decision should be given by the Court not upon the validity of an Italian law in congenator to the Treaty, but only upon the interpretation of the above-mentioned Treaty Articles in the context of the points of law stated by the Giudice Conciliatore The European Court of Justice also has no jurisdiction to rule on the application of Community law by national courts. Further it cannot invite national courts to refer matters to it De

Earth's Magnetic Pole Reversals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Earths magnetic Pole Reversals - Essay ExampleIn 2005, the North Magnetic Pole (NMP) was about 810 km (503 miles) from the Geographic North Pole. The NMP was in theArctic Oceannorth of Canada. The southeast Magnetic Pole (SMP) was about 2,826 km (1,756 miles) from the Geographic South Pole. The SMP was off the coast ofAntarcticain the attention of Australia (Russel).The presence of earths magnetic field can be explained through the dynamo effect. Deep inside(a) the earths core is a solid iron ball with temperatures reaching as juicy as that on the sun. This inner core is surrounded by a run mass of iron, called the outer(a) core. The molten mass of iron circulates relative to the motion of the earth. Convection currents within this region generate our planets magnetism (Phillip).Over courses, many scientists have proven that the earths magnetic field is changing. jam Ross located the pole for the first time in 1831 after an exhausting journey during which his ship got stuck. No one retrieved it until four years and when they did, they noticed that the pole had shifted from its original position, even though by a small amount. The next observation occurred in 1904 when Ronal Amundsen found the pole again and discovered that it had moved virtually fifty kilometers since the days of Ross. This movement of the magnetic poles has hastened in the recent past. The pole kept going during the twentieth century, north at an average speed of 10 km per year, lately accelerating to 40 km per year (Phillip).This sparked interest of researchers to study this phenomenon in detail. It has been discovered that iron and other heavy metals, present inside molten lave, align themselves in the direction of the external magnetic field when solidifying to form hardened rock. By studying the various layers of these rocks, scientists have measured the historical directions of the Earths magnetic field and cerebrate that the Earths poles

Philosophy theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Philosophy theory - Essay ExampleThe innovation of absurd has a preferably weighty importance in the work of Kierkegaard. Kierkegaard considers the theory of absurd in several of his works, but it occupies a special situation in his work Fear and Trembling. Here, speaking from a position of criticism of Christianity, Kierkegaard considers the scriptural story when Abraham was asked by God to sacrifice his son to Him. For Kierkegaard, this is an example of the absurdity of human existence, based on lack of freedom. Kierkegaard sees the faith of Abraham as a paradox as it is able to convert a impinge on into the sacred and charitable act. Kierkegaard, however, does not diminish the importance of faith. On the contrary, he emphasized that faith is olympian and therefore is absurd. Faith in God is absurd because it cannot be explained by means of logic, however, it is effective by giving people the spiritual strength. Thus, the absurd is an inability to logically comprehend faith in God, time it is able to provide moral support.Feuerbach demonstrates a critical attitude to religion, because he is convinced that it is the result of the lunacy of human qualities such as kindness, compassion, etc. Religion arose when people began to ascribe to God the qualities that belong to the people. The philosopher believes that a man is in himself a divine being, and it is a man (not the transcendent God) who should be deified. Thus, in the concept of Feuerbach, a divine being is a human being who deserves to be erected on a foot of God. People should treat each other as if each of them is God. Thus, the interaction between people should be based on the principles of equality, justice, and mutual aid. In this respect, love also plays a particularly important role as a force that unites people.In his works, Nietzsche provided a strict demarcation between the weak and ironlike cultures, each of which

Summary of Chapter 7 & 8 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary of Chapter 7 & 8 - Essay ExampleDuring the late 19th century, the governing body used to force people to work in its coffee plantations, which accounted for a significant portion of its exports. intimately of the reforms that have been established over the years have fallen due to dictatorship and frequent unrests. The CIA has been problematic repeatedly in the violence experienced in Guatemala and in determining its leaders by overthrowing others. few leaders have also resigned after the armed forces failed to protect them. In spite of an improvement in economic performance during the second phase of the 20th century, levels of unemployment proceed to increase and poverty persisted due to incommensurate wealth distribution.In the urge to control the population, civilian murders increased to approximately 300 people per month. At the same time, the government perpetrated terrorism acts both towards the civilians and the opposition. Peace talks did not bear fruits for a ample period as the government continued to victimize the citizens and the rebels. Whenever the US was involved in armed conflicts in the nation, it was blamed for the most violations of human rights. Several elections in the 19th and 20th centuries led to violence and presidents be overthrown following rigging allegations. Even after the end of the civil war, violence worsened especially in 2004 when an estimated 2,000 civilians, mostly women, were killed. The other crime forms exhibited in 2013 included corruption, drug trafficking, impunity, and extra judicial killings. Contemporary Guatemala has continued to experience persistent poverty and economic problems. The state of political landscape appears to be improving starting with prosecution of presidents due to corruption. Rios Montt, a former head, was prosecuted and is presently serving 80 year sentence for race murder and crimes against humanity. However, organized crime persists in addition to trafficking of drugs. Guat emala remains a

Plagiarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Plagiarism - Essay suitPlagiarism may either be a deliberate action or unintentional. According to Plagiarism.org, actions that characterise as plagiarism include submitting opposite peoples views pretending they are your own views, duplicating other peoples ideas or enquiry without acknowledging their contributions, improper acknowledgments which include citing false references, and duplicating the organization of words in a sentences without acknowledging the origin. It is worth noting that plagiarism chiffonier be averted through acknowledging the fact that the ideas, views, or sentence organization originated from a particular source (Plagiarism.org). there are a number of ways through which plagiarism can be averted. The secret to written material a plagiarism free essay or research paper is writing everything in owns words. Subsequently, other peoples views ought to be properly referenced of cited. In case one is not conversant with the various point of reference styles, it would be of significance to seek the help of the teacher or lecturer (Plagiarism.org). Plagiarism.org also asserts that initial preparations preliminary to the commencement of writing an essay or research paper is important in avoiding plagiarism. Coming up with a succinct sketch out or summary of ideas helps set a benchmark in regard to ideas to be retrieved from other peoples works and own ideas.It is of significance to assert that a writer ought to clearly separate his or her own ideas from those retrieved from other peoples works. However, it is also important to reword other peoples ideas so that a paper can appear original. Cited sources should be from well acclaimed researchers or sources in text citations should include the agent of the book of source, year of publication, and page numbers depending on the citation style used. In definition, a citation is referred to as a method or technique used to notify those

The Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

The Internet - Essay theoretical accountAs such, there are various advantages and disadvantages that are realized, and this pees the basis for an analytical analysis of the critical inferences that tail be drawn from readings that touch on various implications that the internet has presented to the contemporary society particularly in line with cultural implications.In light of the above, What is the Elephant in the Digital Room is an article that tries to look at the different changes that have characterized the digital gyration. It compares the rate at which information and media is being created in the current human beings of digital supremacy against the pre-existing rates and definitions that demarcated the creation and sharing of media. To this end, there is the realization that the digital conversion has greatly transformed the very element of life in relation to how we interact with technology and how we rival media and online data. From the amount of information being created particularly for the online platform, to the sheer amount of time that we spend online, the digital revolution is depicted as having changed the way that we consume information and data. Additionally, the internet started off as a shaft to ease communication and the availability of essential data. However, it has now transformed into a form of necessity that naught can exist without. In more situations, the internet is no longer optional, and is in fact graceful some form of basic need that roughly anybody needs in order to survive.In many respects, mobile communication and the advent of the internet has had more implications on humans than any other form of development in the entire human history. This highlights the relatively staggering levels of adoption that has characterized its intake in almost all factions of human life. While other inventions and developments could catch up in certain parts of the humankind and fail to catch up in others, mobile communicatio n and the internet has caught up in every

Communicative ethics in the workplace Term Paper

Communicative ethics in the workplace - Term piece of music ExampleDiffering environments and diverse job classes cater to a wide variety of mental wavelengths as closely as sociological and psychological characteristics all(prenominal) pertaining to an individual area of expertise. When postulating the composition of communicative efforts to breed sought after results in any given situation, a careful analysis of the environment is key to success. Discussing the idea of communicative ethics in a precise manner is going to help us understand the primal pointors that make up benevolent interaction in each scenario. Sticking to a very oecumenical and concise approach, each branch of communication involving diplomacy, creating credibility, and building trust will be elaborated on by examining ethical relations in change contexts. Ethics is defined by two categories of intellection relating on how to examine human actions within a specific paradigm. The first of these is call ed categorical ethics, whose main idea is defined primarily by Immanuel Kant as the categorical imperative. The categorical imperative states specifically that actions sens be either good or wrong, that they must be categorized in some rtabooe or fashion and thrown into a labeled dichotomy. The basis of his idea stems from the humanistic quality of liking. If a human being needs or wants something then inherently the human will seek out a path of attaining what he or she so desires. Determining factors as to the actual motivations behind the desire are what Kant zeroes in on and labels as good or bad. The deeper aspects of the categorical imperative are a syllogism to measure out the morality of the action. By developing the ability to analyze given situations in varying circumstances we gain the ability to determine what action to take will have the most adept outcome for us as an individual. The desire for a specific outcome will change the model of the methodology used to a cquire it (Cheney, 2004). Discursive ethics are then bound by whether or non individuals are engaged in discourse for the basis of self motivation or a common correspondence of the ethical dilemma of the other individual. This brings about the idea of subjective ethics, or whether or not when two humans engage in communicative discourse do they in fact consider or perceive each others subjectivity. This idea really stems away from the right and wrong dichotomy of Kantian ethics and displays the characteristics of meshing into the gray area. Subjective ethics takes the approach of rationally analyzing different situations and determining a basis of value for an action that may or may not be all good or all bad, sometimes completely being in between. In terms of corporate or social responsibility even imagine the topic of CEO compensation. How untold compensation is really able to be classified as good or bad, more or less, enough or too much? Being virtuous and steadfast with deci sions in the social macrocosm tends to breed positive results, overzealous attitudes and lax performance do not. Edmund Burke stated that each human in themselves carries a lamp of experience (Sherman, 2009). This lamp is a guiding light which illuminates all experiences which shape the subjective humanity of an individual, therefore making each human interaction a subjective experience in which no one human can truly understand the subjectivity of another due to the lamps having taken each one on a different path in life. However, the closer two individuals come to understanding the subjective nature in the interactions taking place, the more value that can be placed on the discourse therein (Sherman, 2009). The idea of communication being utilized by any individual for the design of developing complex social relationships in the workplace will be analyzed thoroughly by examining what it is to use communicative ethics, understanding the diverse differences between workplace envi ronments and their impact on communicative structure, and lastly by grasping the total net profits and

The Kabsa Dish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Kabsa Dish - Essay mannequinThis research will begin with the statement that kabsa belongs to a family of mixed rice food that is mainly consumed in Jordan and Saudi-Arabian Arabia though believed to be indigenous to Yemen. In Saudi Arabia, this food is considered a national dish. Kabsa is referred to as marchbus in the Gulf countries, but the preparation is the same as in Saudi Arabia. This dish is prompt by mixing different spices, rice, meat, and vegetables. Spices commonly used in kabsa preparation are low pepper, clove, cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, black lime, bay leaves and nutmeg. The prime taste of this food largely depends on the spices used in its preparation. Lamb, chicken, goat, camel meat or at times beef, fish, and shrimp is the main ingredient that is mixed with the spices. Almonds, pine nuts, onions, and sultanas may be added to the variety show of spices, rice, and meat as flavor supplements. The researcher tells that in Australia he still eats the dish occa sionally though not as frequent as in Saudi Arabia. Whenever he sees it in a plate, it reminds him of the wonderful moments they have when eating the kabsa in Saudi Arabia. Sometimes it creates illusions in his mind. The author gets the images of how people jape while eating the dish in Saudi Arabian hotels. Its aroma reminds him of his neighbors back in Saudi Arabia and the beautiful moments he spent with friends and relatives there. The illusions at other times involve images of the buildings in Saudi Arabia. The kabsa in reality makes the author feel very much connected to Saudi Arabia.

Consumer behavior about the target-based internet market in China Literature review

Consumer behavior more or less the target-based internet market in China - Literature review ExampleAside from this, selective information shall be collected through the use of survey questionnaires developed by the researcher based on the books reviewed. In addition, 100 respondents will likewise participate, selecting the same through the use of purposive sampling. To better find the said research orderologies, this chapter shall be divided into the pursual pieces to discuss each topic presented these are (1) Introduction, (2) look into Design, (3) Research Approach, (4) Data Collection, (5) Sampling, (6) Data Analysis and (7) Summary. In each of the said sections, various studies shall be cited, victorious into consideration the fact that the same have made use of similar methodologies. Research Design In general, the main research design of this study follows the quantitative design. Hopkins (2000) defines the quantitative show up to research as that which focuses on th e determination of the relationship between one independent variable and an independent variable. It is usually either descriptive or experimental, based on the different goals that the study aims to attain (Hopkins 2000 Creswell 2009). Aside from the abovementioned, various researchers have mentioned the splendor of the quantitative research design in finalizing results as well as in proving and disproving various hypotheses. The researcher deems it necessary to make use of the quantitative design in order to help in the determination of the general perceptions of the consumers with obligingness to target-based internet marketing. Taking the abovementioned advantages in consideration, the researcher believes that it is through the use of the quantitative method that the former will be able to determine the relationship between the features of target-based internet marketing and the behaviors of the consumers with respect to the same. Hamid (2008) conducted a study in relation to the behavior of the customers behavior towards internet engineering and internet marketing tools. In this study, the quantitative nestle to research was used in order to canvass or disprove five hypotheses. Aside from Hamid (2008), Shaver (2007) also made use of the quantitative approach to research in order to investigate twenty-six variables related to demographics in his study entitled The jar of the Internet on Consumer Information Search Behavior in the United States. Research Approach This section has been devoted by the researcher to discuss the research approach that shall be employed in this study. It was antecedently mentioned that this research takes the descriptive approach in order to complement its quantitative design. Hopkins (2000) mentioned that there are cardinal types of a quantitative research experimental and descriptive. The experimental method is generally characterized by three elements (1) Manipulation, (2) go through and (3) Randomization. These three elements signify that the researcher control the situation of the research so as to obtain the data needed (Hopkins 2000 shipway of Approaching Research Quantitative Design n.d.). On other hand, the descriptive approach is more concerned with regard to gaining information with respect to the characteristics of the different aspects of the study. According to the article entitled Ways of Approaching Research Quantitative Designs (n.d.), the descriptive study is used in order to achieve the following (1) the development of a theory, (2) identify various problems associated with practice, (3) justify

Strategic Plan for a Popcorn vending business Research Paper

Strategic Plan for a Popcorn trade business - Research Paper ExampleThe names of management team members are John Smith, Jessica Wilson, Michelle Williams, beam DSouza and Tracy Crosby the company was founded to meet the growing demand of high quality and efficient popcorn monger machines. The company has grown from one location in a shopping mall to five polar locations in various parts of the town the expansion has been done in a period of deuce years and it is expected that the number of locations leave behind expand further in future as sell machine industry is expected to grow at an accelerating rate of about 10% (Gerdees, 4). In determine to penetrate further in the huckster industry, the company aims to introduce new and innovative commercial vending machines for restaurants along with food and beverage equipment.Currently, the company is employing a secretary, one general manager, two supervisors, ten gainful line employees and an accounting manager. Since the compan y is small, there is also one Human Resource Manager, one Production, trading operations & IT manager and one Marketing & Sales manager. The span of control and line of communication is shown in the hobby figureThe management team ensures that the communication in the organization is open so that the employees can realise easy exchange of information and the business plans are effectively developed and implemented. With the help of the organization chart, everyone inwardly the organization will be aware of their reporting responsibilities that who will be evaluating their job and performance. The chart will even ensure that everything is well-organized and co-ordinated.At present, the company is manufacturing the pop corn vending machines for small organizations and it is planning to propose customized popcorn vending machines in the next two years that can be placed in public places so that the pop corns are easily accessible by the people. However, the company will mountain pass newly designed coffee vending machines along with soft drinks vending machines so

A study on the attitudes of Social networking sites in relation to Literature review

A study on the attitudes of Social profiting sites in relation to personality types - Literature review ExampleSome of the most famous genial networking sites accept Facebook, Orkut, MySpace, Twitter and LinkedIn and these sites allow the people to make their personal profiles free of cost. The basic purpose served by these websites is to serve the people to take aim their sociable network and to interact with people however people join these websites for distinguishable reasons. Individuals may have different motives to socialise oer the internet. Researchers have found a slopped physical contact between social networking site usage and personality types of individuals. They support that individuals who are more open and coming(a) are usually more likely to use online social networking sites. The aim of this research is to analyse the attitudes of individuals towards social networking sites in relation to their personality types. This research is really significant to under stand whether there is a strong link between social networking sites and personality types or not. This report also analyses the personality types or traits which come in to be more active in using the online social networking websites. ... Internet and World Wide blade has brought radical changes in our lives by engaging us in communities and designing our own environment. The digital media has provided the consumers new ways to interact with people (Smith, Evans, Batty & Batty, 2002). Social networking is defined as the online community where individuals gather information, develop contacts and interact with other people (Harbaugh, 2010, pp.193). The online social network is become popular among the younger adults to mobilise their network capital through the online websites like Facebook and through these websites they are able to interact with a huge destiny of friends and relatives more efficiently and less costly (Gibson et al, 2010). The Web 2.0 technology has spread wide ly among the people over the last five years and the social networking websites like MySpace and Facebook now attract above than 100 one million million visitors a month (Chui, Miller & Roberts, 2009). Social networking websites are playing a very important place in everyday social interactions and the role of these websites vary across relationships and in some contexts, these websites have supplemented the real-world social networks and in the other context, the existing real-world interactions are mediated by these websites (Evans, Gosling & Carroll, 2008). Early researchers were interested in find out the reasons of success of the online communities. The three kinds of perceived recognition in the online communities include identity, tangible recognition and expertise (Chan, Bhandar & Chan, 2004). However, at once researchers are focusing more on personality traits, types and behaviours of the individuals on the online

Security Planning and Assessment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Security readiness and Assessment - Assignment ExampleA very real, clear and present danger lurks just beyond the consciousness of people who work together eight to ten hours a day, five to seven geezerhood a week. It is the potential for forcefulness to occur in study. Increasingly, the Human Resources function is both the target of these threats of work violence and the organizations first line of defense for the prevention of work violence. Homicide is the second leading cause of smutty occupational injury in the United States. Nearly 1,000 workers are murdered and 1.5 meg are assaulted in the workplace each year. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) guinea pig Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), in additional information about workplace violence, there were 709 workplace homicides in 1998. These accounted for 12 percent of the full 6,026 fatal work injuries in the United States. Of these 709 workplace homicide victims in 1998, 80 percent were sho t and order percent were stabbed. According to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), 2 million assaults and threats of violence against Americans at work occur annually. The most common type of workplace crime was assault with an average of 1.5 million a year. There were 396,000 aggravated assaults, 51,000 rapes and sexual assaults, 84,000 robberies, and 1,000 homicides reported. These figures likely fall short of the actual number of gaga acts occurring in workplaces as not all acts of workplace violence are reported. The news media tend to sensationalize acts of workplace violence that involve coworkers. In sensationalizing incidents of workplace violence, they remove the emphasis from the most important targets for workplace asylum programs. In fact, the most common motive for job-related homicide is robbery, accounting for 85 percent of workplace violence deaths. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) provides information that illustrates any(prenominal)one can become the victim of a workplace assault, but the risks are greater for workplace violence in certain industries and occupations. The taxicab industry has the highest risk, virtually 60 times the national average for potential workplace violence.A good first tonicity for prevention in all workplaces consists of a general assessment designed to evaluate the presence of any specific risks of violence, both from within and outside the organization. Such an assessment will help the organization to in full understand the particular effectivety and security needs of the workplace - information that will help make up ones mind its prevention efforts. Often, forms of behavior that signaled the violence to come have preceded a violent act. If those signs had been recognized and appropriately addressed, the violence might not have happened. A prevention program will include a No Threats, No Violence policy that is clearly communicated to all employees. The policy will state the employers commitment to provide a safe workplace, free from violence or the threat of violence. It will also set forth a code of employee conduct that clearly defines unacceptable behavior and prohibits all violence and threats on-site and during work-related off-site activities. A workplace violence program further includes an interdisciplinary team created and trained to manage any violent incidents or reports of troubling behavior made under the

Religious discrimination in Lebanon Speech or Presentation

Religious discrimination in Lebanon - Speech or Presentation Exampleyet despite the countrys diversity in ghostly factions, it has not been a beautiful pic in in the countrys development over the years due to discrimination found and biased on religious lines (HRW). The discrimination based on religious factions has been evident in the Lebanese political and social structures of the country. Political landscape carries more weight for wrangles based on the very religious discrimination because every faction wants the bigger piece of the cake of dominance.It can be traced back to the 1860 conflict in the middlest of Maronites and the Druze to the old Lebanese civil war of 1975-1990 which was as a result of the conflict between the Muslims and the Christians. In the early 19th century around the wake of World War II Lebanese political structure was designed in a way it recognized a historic system amongst the Lebanese leaders that political goodwill will be divided according to positions in the political structure in agreed fair proportions for the Christians and Muslims (Khalaf 2013, p.43). This particular political concept in the mid-1970s appeared to be losing kingdom resulting to hell breaks loose a civil war that was seen to be a sort of competition for military force between the majority Muslims and the minority ruling Christians.Before the old Lebanese civil war that was in every way a struggle between the Sunni Islam and the Christians was a Druze and Maronite (Christians) conflict (Khalaf 2013, p.65). The conflict happened in the mid 18nth century in the north of Mount Lebanon area entailing the rebellion of Christians Maronites peasants against the Druze lords that spread to the south and as a result more than 20,000 Christians were killed, 370 Christian villages destroyed and a large number of churches destroyed (Sisk 2011, p.109). Maronite peasants were against the heavy taxes and feudal practices

Amazon.coms Business Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

amazon.coms Business Model - inquiry Paper ExampleAs a result of stiff rivalry in business, the social club has devised a new mechanism that aims at cushioning itself from the current inflation and economic recession by prosecute in other business such as selling electronic devices, toys, food and music. The company also offers shipping transport to other airlines thus maximizing its profits from altogether the sectors. The success and economic offshoot of amazon Company are grounded on the following principles that are customer oriented convenience, pricing and selection. From the overdress analysis approach, it has been established that combining these three factors improves the companys image by developing loyalty, depose and commitment to customers. This is one of the strategies that have been used by Amazon Company to lay off about of its competitors as it enhances high productivity and efficiency in the Company. Part 1.A Pros of Amazon.com The prosperity and economi c growth of Amazon organization is grounded on the following advantages Leverage of economies of scale The company has greatly utilised the availability of rigid assets that are related to distribution and storage of goods by offering shipping services. Through the interaction of more customers the company markets its products thus expanding its market share to other regions of the world. Expansion of the market share For any company to prosper in the business arena, it should develop strategy plans that aim at distributing its goods and services at the utmost cost. With the advancement of science and technology coupled with the easy access to internet, the company has in the recent clock launched a new website. In this website the company has managed to display more goods and services that its offers to consumers thus increasing its sales volume. Localization of goods and services From the past experiences, the company has realized that most consumers lacked some of the relate d goods that the company availed in their shelves, hence compelling customers to shop them elsewhere. In order to counteract such effect, Amazon Company has change magnitude the brands of goods by ensuring that there is one-stop shopping centre. Customers are now in a position to buy all their goods from one main location. Provision of availing other related goods This nous aims at taking into account the demand and preferences of all the customers on the purchased goods. For instance, if a consumer has bought a book and he has eyesight problems, the company should be in a position to sell reading glasses to that customer rather than sending him to other shops. This idea has also improved the companys image globally in the sense that it consumers are allowed to chance on orders based on their personal interests and preference. Implementation of effective marketing strategy Marketing is a all important(p) facet in an organizational operation because it allows the company to real ize the efforts made from the production system. It connects the organizational goals and objectives with the inescapably of the customers as stipulated in the market domain. Amazon Company adopted the strategy of market segmentation which allows flexibleness in product distribution. Based on the demand and population density, the company produces goods that are specifically meant for a certain portion of the population hence satisfying the needs of consumers. Part 1.B Cons faced by Amazon Company The journey to the Companys success has not been smooth without the challenges and drawback as highlighted below. Stiff competition from other companies The world of business can be compared to a battle field where the mighty get while the weaklings perish. Consequently, well established organizations have a high chance of

Transcontinental railroad Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Transcontinental line - Term authorship ExampleSuch policies are implemented by regulatory authorities through budgets and other rules and regulations. However, thither are some factors that affect the thrift on the very basic level. One of those factors is infrastructure of a soil. Infrastructure of a country can play an important role in the strengthening of the economy of a country. This paper analyses one such example of the effects of infrastructure on the economy. The example is that of the offset Transcontinental railway line. This stun is said to be the first communication revolution of America. The pressure reduced the magazine of travel between east and west follows from six months to one week and it was indeed a huge achievement. This paper examines the problems faced by the entities engaged in the construction of the coerce and the effects of the railroad on the economy of the country (Heintz, 2009). Infrastructure can enhance the growth of the economy of a count ry at a very fast pace, specifically in case of developing countries. Developing companies usually have weak economic environment because of lack of sufficient infrastructure. Infrastructure can boost make out in a country which results in accelerated economic activities in the country. This scenario can best be explained with the example of the First Transcontinental Railroad that was constructed between the eld 1863 and 1869 in the United States of America. The railroad was built by the Central Pacific Railroad of California and Union Pacific Railroad. These two entities were chartered by the Pacific Railway Act, 1862. This railroad connected the already developed railway network of the Eastern cost with California that was in its developing stages. The railroad was end in May, 1869 when it changed the economic scenario of the American West for good. The railroad initiated a new series of trade and communication that triggered the economic growth in the USA. Planning for tr ess of the Transcontinental Railroad In the year 1862, it was determined that the companies that would carry out the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad would be Central Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad. The companies started construction from their respective points. Central Pacific started building the railroad eastward from Sacramento, California and Union Pacific started building the railroad westward from Council Bluffs, Iowa. Although the companies had been depute the task and they had started constructing the railroad, the point where both the railroads would meet was non determined. There were a number of problems that hindered the construction of the railroad resulting from the lack of adequate planning. The construction also slowed down due to the Civil War between the years 1861 and 1865. This factor also added to the problems already present due to the lack of planning. However, a point in the Mormon territory of Utah was determined to the Promonto ry Point where the railroads being constructed by the two companies would meet. The construction completed on 10 May, 1869 when the two railroads met at the Promontory Point. Problems Faced in Construction A railroad connecting the east and west cost of the USA had always been a dream but it was shaped into verity by the President Abraham Lincoln. However, the railroad was completed after four years of his death. The construction of the railroad was not independent of any problems. There were a num

Character of Nicholas in Chaucers Millers Tale Essay Example for Free

Character of Nicholas in Chaucers Millers Tale EssayNicholas, with his outrageous sense of wittiness and eager pursuit of love, functions as the charming, likeable hero in Millers Tale. He is introduced as hende Nicholas, and his conduct does non at all answer to the usual sense of the adjective which implies great courtesy, but its suggestion of cheers is repeatedly invoked as the Miller refers to his hero by this formula. We learn at once that he is knowing and of his interest in astrology. This is seen as a respectable branch of learning, but Nicholas is aware of its power to instil others, while he is able to supplement his income by weather-forecasting. He is also helped financially by friends. The complex number flood of which Nicholas tells John shows us his cunning, his confident attitude, his inventiveness and especially his contempt for the stupid tradesman Dont like about that, said Nicholas, / His times been badly wasted, if a scholar / Cant get the better of a carpenter. (lines 191-193)In spite of this, however, the Miller presents the astrologer in a way that makes the audience like Nicholas. He does this by making John seem deserving of punishment for his unwise marriage and subsequent jealousy. Nicholass offspring and attractiveness makes us little critical of his boldness, and the comic manner of the tales telling makes his conduct seem less worthy of censure than would be the case with real people. Nicholas seems a more appropriate partner for Alison than does John, and the Millers repeat of the formula hende Nicholas encourages us to be more sympathetic.However, it is important to note that Nicholas does not escape his daring pattern without any consequences. His over-confidence and lack of prudence earn him a punishment appropriate to his offence, and in keeping with the humourous spirit of the tale he is scalded in the towte by his rival, who mistakes him for Alison. Thus, Nicholas may be the character that has the audience grow for him by being likeable and providing good laughs, but his charming yet arrogant attitude does not prevent him from suffering the consequences of his actions.The Canterbury Tales Oxford guides to Chaucer. Oxford Clarendon Press, 1989.

Poverty in the United States and in India Essay Example for Free

Poverty in the United States and in India EssayPoverty is the inability to border basic demand of life and to some extent the inability to meet essential material needs that ensure a safe and secure livelihood. The United States measures leanness using governances set want draw. In rough estimate around 12% to 16% in the United States live below the scantiness line. When statistics were done in the year 2006, passel under the 18 were the ones broad(prenominal)ly affected by poverty. A research that was done recently by Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire, the rate of children who ar measly is relatively higher in the rural parts than in the suburban beas. The US government and early(a) nongovernmental organizations have been trying to reduce the level of poverty in the country. They have tried to educate as well as initiating campaigns that focus on poverty eradication. With this they place their focus especially on the homeless, commonwealth faced b y atrocities like earthquakes, immigrants and new(prenominal)s. The government has tried to build up charity programs and social plant based on improving the nature of the impoverished people.Faced with the heated up issue on poverty the Government has come up with 2017 poverty eradication plan, that is based on lowering or bringing to an end the poverty that faces some parts in the country. The Government embarks on raising the low- income workers stripped wage to 50 percent inappropriate the 30 percent that they earn. The Government also in tends to lift the Earned Income tax Credit and Child Tax Credit the former enables people to invest on assets and the latter provides the child with a tax credit of $1000 per child.The Government wants to establish a form _or_ body of government that looks after the rights of employees, leading to better callings and good salaries. It will also embark on child help help to those families that have got a low income and promote education for all. It will also create be able to place y emergehs that atomic number 18 disadvantaged to schools and work so they are able to earn a living. They also want to make sure that they make it possible for higher education to be getable in every state. These among some other solutions are being looked at by the US government in order to reduce the rate of poverty.Factors that result to poverty in the US include parents not being married and raising children forbidden of wedlock, Great amounts of taxes imposed even to the low income earning people, Public schools are run poorly, in addition to being funded heavily such that some people do not afford them. , children score very low in marks. Diseases like mental disabilities, evil of drugs, domestic abuse and also natural disasters are other causes of poverty in the United States. INDIA India is one of the poorest countries in the world, unlike the US which is a world class country.Its nigh people live below the poverty line t hat is one third of the population. According to World Bank 2005, India has 456 million people, 46% of its population lives below the poverty line, it also has 828 million people, or 75. 6% living below $2 a day nigh of the causes of Indias poverty are the meager daily wages that employees receive. Most people in India live in rural India. They get very low of what they earn which is basically not possible to live a comfortable life with.There is also unequal distribution of wealth with very less people earning 33% of the income while most people in the country earn less than what is expected by the Government and that is $0. 40 per day. Others of those people work in informal job sectors that have got no job or social security hence leading them to extreme poverty. As a result of the income inequality, most children in India are affected by food, surviving rarely on very little. A high percentage of those children are suffering from malnutrition, than has been witnessed in other c ountries. The major causes of poverty in India are derived from deuce schools of thought.The first being the Developmental view which states, that Indias economy was completely deindustrialized. This resulted to all goods and services turning out to be very expensive and the India man could barely afford. As a result of the tremendous summation in prices and a decline in terms of trade, a massive hunger struck and resulted to many Indians dying. The land where the people grew food crops was all destroyed and cash crops such as cotton, opium, tea and scintilla for export and more so for animal feeds were planted. With this, it is evident that the colonial governments were part to blame for the impoverished country.The other school of thought Neoliberal view states that both unemployment and underemployment were also a cause towards poor India. Farmers in India in like manner over rely much on Agriculture products without looking for other investment areas. In other words the peopl e of India have got great food security but low economical growth. Agriculture, unfortunately contributes to economy growth only 18% whereas 60% of the population depend on it. India too has got a high population growth that has immensely led to poverty since agriculture is their main consultation of income and the people are too many to be assisted by agriculture only.The caste system in India has also been blamed as a cause of poverty, since most people were left out in employment opportunities, education and other essentials. In conclusion, both India and the US have been faced with poverty issues however, we cannot equate poverty in US to that in India. Indias economic growth is very low, the US are a bit privileged, since they are one of the most powerful countries economically. India might take a foresighted time to recover but US is able to make sure that their goals towards curbing poverty are initiated and bring forth fruits.

Shakespeares Wicked Kings Essay Example for Free

Shakespe ars austere Kings EssayThe audience learns quite a take about Richardss personality agenda and beliefs from the opening monologue that he makes.Richard is discontent with the state of peace in which England is in at the time. In battle he whitethorn perhaps have been a formidable warrior who used to fright the souls of fearful adversaries. War may have been what he was good at, and considering he is related to King Edward he was probably a usual in the Wars of the Roses. This means that now there are no more battles to be fought, and Richard has a lot of time on his hands. He has no delight to pass away the timeThe audience learns roughly shocking things about Richardss views on love and loyalty in the soliloquy. Richard is a very bitter globe and because of his deformity, feels that he can not pass the time by flirting and former(a) things to do with women. He is a very disloyal person and probably would have a bad relationship with a woman because he wants to se t his brother Clarence and the king in deadly hate the one against the other so that they eliminate each other and he can take control and run things how he sees fit. He is willing to betray his own family to meet his ends.He is not much for pastimes such as strutting before a wanton ambling nymph or sportive tricks as his deformity prevents him from participating in such activities as he is lame. He has little time or respect for people that he thinks are fools, or who are better than him through having no deformity.The audience also learn that he thinks very little of his brothers as he is willing to have them be at each others throats. He also doesnt think too much of their intelligence. He had a prophecy made up which says that G of Edwards kin will kill him. He is that G, the Duke of Gloucester and the audience believe that he must think that his brothers are very stupid not to see his thrifty mistake his prophecy.He thinks very little of himself or his body as he is deformed. His deformity makes him unable to caper nimbly in a ladys chamber. He has no dignity thanks to his deformity as even dogs bark at me as I halt by them. He is unable to participate in sport, have relationships with women, or have dignity. This distinctly has warped his mind and he decides that since I cannot prove a lover then he is pertinacious to prove a villain. He does however have a high opinion of his intelligence.This apparent from his deliberate mistake and the fact that when his prophecy is made known to Edward, Clarence (whose first name is George and therefore the G in the prophecy) is almost immediately arrested.His effect on the audience is initially one where they feel sorry for him cosmos bitter as his deformity is causing him much grief. Later on the audience learn that he is arrogant and scheming but can back up his intelligence as it would take large organisational skill to have Clarence arrested so quickly.

Maya Angelou Essay Example for Free

Maya Angelou EssayIn Maya Angelou autobiography I know why the caged darn sings many themes and issues are looked at. This autobiography shows the difficulty of a black woman growing up ring by discrimination and poverty, but in like manner shows her determination, joy and hope. Maya Angelou describes her relationship with many character, this in it self is a theme of her writing, the counsel she sees people in her own light. Some characters that may be seen to be effectual people are changed by Mayas opinion. A good example of this is the oppose between Mayas mother and Mayas fathers girlfriend.If twain these characters were described, the fathers girlfriend maybe considers the better person. This is not the case after reading this book, as Maya has a way of making the reader see these characters as she sees them. After the separation of Maya Angelous parents she and her brother Bailey were sent away to vital with her granny knot when Maya was only three. This must co me been a terrible experience for a young kidskin to go through, which some may think would have left Maya with resentment towards her mother. In fact this was shortlyer the opposite.When Maya meet her mother once more after she left her, Maya discarded the fact that she sent her away. She describes how as soon as she saw her mother, the nights she spent crying for her was forgotten. I knew immediately why she had sent me away. She was too scenic to have children. (Maya Angelou, 1984, P58) This was Mayas way of justifying her mother actions. blush if it maybe considered a bountiful thing what her mother did, Maya fluent thought she was wonderful. Later on in this book Mayas mother did another bad thing.She shot person twice, which again maybe considered a bad thing to do. Since she had intended to shoot him (notice shoot, not kill) she had no reason out to run away, so she shot him a second time. He had been shot, authoritative, but in her fairness she had warned him. (Ma ya Angelou, 1984, pages 202 and 203) The nomenclature used when Maya describes this event show she thinks that this is not a major or bad thing that has happened. Maya again shows her mother as not a bad person even though what she has done is wrong.Mayas mother was also believed to be a prostitute Maya believes this too but again discards the idea because she knew that if that were true then she wouldnt be able to live with her, which she wanted to. Even though Mayas mother could be considered a bad mother, Maya thinks extremely highly of her. This can be seen from the choice of lexis, Maya uses to describe her mother. Maya always used nice words such as beautiful, warm, glorious. Maya is also enthusiastic when talking approximately her mother. At one point Maya goes to agitate by with her father and his girlfriend.Maya believed that being her mother was so beautiful, any woman her father was with after her mother would have been just as beautiful if not more. This was the st art of Mayas disappointment when meeting her stepmother. Maya disliked Dolores (her stepmother) you could tell this from the contrast in smells, from the happy tone when see talks about her mother to the dull and spiteful tone used when describing Dolores. If Dolores had been a little less aloof, a little more earthy She was mean and bantam and full of pretense.(Maya Angelou, 1984, pages 222 and 223) Dolores theoretically was a good, honest person. She was a good, hardworking wife she took Maya into her home and treated her well. Even though this, she is relieve seen as the bad one by the end of this part, from the way Maya talks about her. Maya uses mean words to describe Dolores, and is also sarcastic towards her when talking about her and their home. She was on close hurt with her washing machine and ironing board. (Maya Angelou, 1984, P221) This shows one of the sarcastic phases used by Maya Angelou.It also shows that Maya was not the sincere party in her conflict with her stepmother. Maya went out of her way to irritate Dolores and to make her jealous of Maya relationship with her father. Dolores still comes of as the bad one at the end, after an argument with Maya. Maya tries to be nice to Dolores, but Dolores ends up calling Mayas mother a whore. Even though this is possibly true and Maya questions this, she still defends her mother. It is Maya that makes the first approach on Dolores Maya justifies her behaviour, which leaves her looking the better person.What did she expect if she called my mother a whore? (Maya Angelou, 1984, P239) Another character who has an unanticipated outcome is the dentist, Dr capital of Nebraska. At one stage Maya, as a child was in a potful of pain with toothache. At the Maya was living with her grandmother in Stamps. The nearest Negro dentist to them was twenty-five miles away, which was too far for Maya to travel in such pain. As a result Mayas grandmother took her to a dentist near by that owed her a favour. Ma ny would believe a dentist to be a respectable, good, authorized person. This was not the case of Dr capital of Nebraska.He refused to help a child in pain, even though Mayas grandmother stopped him losing his business by lending him money. When speaking to Mayas grandmother, Dr Lincoln was very abrupt and rude to her. He did not even acknowledge Maya, or the fact her face was swollen and she was in pain. Id rather stick my hand in a dogs mouth than in a niggers(Maya Angelou, 1984, P184) This was the harsh phase that Dr Lincoln used. This also shows discrimination and racism, another major theme in Maya Angelous autobiography. After Dr Lincoln refuses to help, Mayas grandmother follows him in his office.When she ulterior describes what happened she says that Dr Lincoln and the nurse were as thick as thieves. This is a simile used to accentuate Dr Lincoln characteristics. From the way Maya Angelou has written her autobiography I know why the caged bird sings she has managed to succ essfully express peoples true characters. People that may be considered to have a good character such as Dr Lincoln have been shown for who they really are. This has been done by the choice of lexis and the tones that she has used to create different atmospheres when describing certain characters.

Business Report of Lenovo Essay Example for Free

Business Report of Lenovo Essay substructureLenovo was found in 1984 in Beijing and it is the worlds second-largest PC vendor. According to the last decreed statistic, Lenovo consolidated turnover of 146.6 billion Yuan and Lenovo employs nearly 40,000 citizenry. Lenovo is a well-kn testify national brand in China and Lenovo is serving customers in more than 160 countries. In order to expand overseas transaction and access to world-class brand, Lenovo carried out an acquisition of the former IBM Personal Computing Division in 2005. IBM was founded in 1911 in the United States and it is the largest information technology and business solutions company in the world, currently has more than 30 million employees in the world, with operations in over 160 countries and regions. The hassles experienced by Lenovo concerns the construction of cross- heathenish team ups. Most of the merger and acquisition fail in the post-merger cultural integration. Lenovo set up work teams for innov ation the future of IBM and developing the new view after acquisition. The results had been shown it uneasy and go off lead to the failure of the Lenovos acquisition strategy. At the beginning of the acquisition, cultural differences had non been tolerable anticipated in the acquisition process. And Lenovo wants to ameliorate the problem as soon as accomplishable to make IBM acquisition profitable in the neighboring strategy.The report part of the business meanSummaryThis report is intended to identify, pick up and propose virtually(a) solutions to Lenovo to acquit the problems about teams and congregations in the acquisition of the IBM. This report will describe problems associated with team building, provides some(prenominal) possible solutions and evaluates separately of these. And, this report will describe the impact of cultural differences on the establishment of work roots. Actually, Lenovo had interpreted some measures, nevertheless it with little success. Acc ording to the current state of Lenovo, this report will give some suggestions and solutions to overcome or avoid the affair caused by cultural differences and set up effective cross-cultural teams. Especially, these solutions ar base on literature on the issue. It concludes that it is necessary for the company to establish effective and conquer measures to eliminate the barriers in cross-cultural teams, as absence of this may threaten the companys semipermanent development.To overcome the problem, Lenovo should take the follow action for IBM survival * Obtain the core values between Chinese employees and Ameri erect employees through an internal survey. * Design an international training program for all the employees and especially for managers. * incorporated both corporate stopping points of Lenovo and IBM to create a new corporate close. * Every cross-culture team should organise periodic meeting or weekly meeting to evaluate the progress of communications and work. * tri ck out some internally non-working activities to create more opportunities for the communication among employees with antithetical cultural consideration. * Set up the special teams to deal with the problem caused by cultural difference in every cross-cultural team.IntroductionThis section of business plan will introduce the problems caused by cultural differences in cross-cultural teams and give some suggestions to overcome the problems. In the acquisition of IBM, Lenovo accepted more than 10,000 employees and it also means that Lenovo accepted a very different culture. Lenovo is non only facing the differences between western and eastern culture, but also Lenovo facing the problems of how to integrate the teams with different organisationally cultural context. In this report, the recommendations to overcome the problems in cross-cultural teams and stems argon based on the literature on team building and cross-cultural team management.BodyAt the beginning of the acquisition of IBM, Lenovo had taken some measures. For example, in order to both sides can communicate better, the new Lenovo use the international common lecture English as the official language of the company. But cultural integration is a long-term process, which requires companies to turn over their time and patience and the communication, compromise between both of high level, and staff in the acquisition. It must not be too hasty. Base on the fact of Lenovo, in that respect argon three aspects should be discover and improved. Firstly, IBM has a long history and IBM has very high brand aw atomic number 18ness. In addition to the brand, employees can evolve the respect for personal values and a comfortable working surround can be provided for employees by the human resources services and the improvement of the system. In contrast, Lenovo has a big gap no matter the localization in IT industry and the strength of themselves.If some team members up temper the cultural superiority or gro up superiority that their own cultural value system better than those members from other cultures or groups, their behavior by chance resulting in the failure of team building because they will be possible to take hate and boycott from other members, even lead to conflict. Because the conflicts caused by cultural differences between team members and individual differences under therefrom make for, analysis and identification of cultural differences is necessary. Secondly, communication is the process of exchange and transmission of information among pot or groups. Because of the multi-cultural background, language and non-language barrier, people lack of understanding of each others political, economic, legal, social and cultural environment, and the understanding of the customs, values, etc. are different.They are often based on their own perspective to make an analysis and judgment on each others information, and thus the misunderstanding and conflict are often obtained. Beca use of these, introduction a multi-cultural training and hold a monthly meeting or weekly meeting is necessary. Thirdly, a company has an acquisition of another(prenominal) company means an integration of two different corporate cultures. When the employees of a cross-cultural group are conscious of the different of personal cultural awareness with others, it will be cause the group broken their spirit. Based on the possibility, establish a common business concept and corporate culture is a good solution to this problem.Establish a new joint management concept and a cockeyed culture based on the environmental requirements and the principle of the companys strategic development, so that reducing cultural conflict and that each employees thinking and behavior can combine with the companys operations and purpose. Adopting these recommendations and the actions in summary can make internal and external combination of the teams more closely, establish a good reputation in the internat ional market and enhance multinational cultural adaptability. This is the ultimate goal of why Lenovo contracts solve the cross-cultural issues of teams and group in the acquisition of IBM. (1077 words)Section 21. What the literature says teams and groupsThe importance of teams and groups for an organisationIn modern smart set, wizard persons power, information and resources are limited. Most time people need co control with others no matter working or others as Handy (1993) said On average, managers make it 50% of their working day in maven sort of group or other. Senior managers can spend 80%. Although there is no clear and single definition of a teams and groups, there is a basic limited definition by Bennett (1991) a collection of two or more people who possess a common purpose. The formation of an organisation groups in order to achieve the purpose of work more efficiently. An organisation can beget some different kinds of groups, for example formal and informal, LOCO, HI CO, teams, etc. An organisation needs to be aware of their differences and use them as efficiently as possible. There are a flock satisfying reasons why an organisation should create work groups.For example, organising effective groups can urinate some uses for the distribution of work, the management and control of work, problem-solving and decision-making, information processing, information and idea collection, testing and ratifying decisions, co-ordination and liaison, increased commitment and involvement, negotiation and conflict resolution, inquest or inquiry into the past. (Handy, 1993) No matter what kind of a group there is a bottom line is A strong group is usually more powerful than a strong individual and can admit a considerable effect on nerveal insurance and practice.(Thomson, 2002) This literature review will pay attention on teams mainly. In a team, everyone plays different office and they have specific function and they working with an primal principle volun tarily co-ordinate their work in order to achieve group objectives(Bennett, 1991).Building a teamPeople hope they can prepare their identity through their membership of certain groups like people belong to local political and squelch groups, for example, because they experience a shared set of values with the other people in the group which reinforces their own values. But, according to Thomson (1997), one reason why people belong to group is social needs. As Thomson Mabey said some groups will be family or friendship groups, which are formed to meet a diverse range of needs such as affection, security, support, belonging or identity. Some may be committees, where members usually represent different interest groups who come together to discuss their differing perspectives on matters of interest, people should build a team for the work that is highly complex problems, need for consensus decisions and there is uncertainty when a broad range of competences are required.A company is a big group of a lot of people working together, so the managers are responsible to build effective teams or workgroups. After accumulation more individual talents, building a team has the ability to use the talents on a joined effort and success is very important (Woodcock, 1979). Consequently, the managers should know how to effectively build a team. In general, the managers must have the knowledge about the five development stages (forming, storming, norming, performing and mourning) in a team or workgroup and they should have an appropriate leading method for themselves (Thomson Mabey, 1994). Of course, this is not enough for managing a team. The managers need realise everyones advantages and dis advantages in the team and especially the differences of their culture context.Teams and cross-cultural contextIn modern society, business environment developed quickly international. Different cultural members mixed in a team so that the team has powerful ability to solve complex pr oblem. But, individuals from different cultural context must show a different behavior and values in the team. This is because the peoples cognition, thinking, needs, values, code of conduct, customs, etc. are formed in the geezerhood of life, work and education. The individual differences caused by cultural differences led to the conflict of the team in the cross-cultural context ( solarize, 2012).So, how to make a cross-cultural team working effective is the main responsibility of managers. In a cross-cultural team, there is an important factor is a clear understanding of every one culture and values, and a process of acculturation. The acculturation process is a mutual exchange of cultural pattern (Olie, 1995). tie in to the case of Lenovo, the best recommendation for acculturation is integration. It different with one culture dominate the others, integration is a process of acculturation (Nahavandi Malekzadeh, 1995).Interest for LenovoIn the case of Lenovo, Chinese and Americ an must accept each other for working effectively. But the main problem in the cross-cultural groups is communication. The managers of Lenovo must make everyone in the group understands and adapt to the different culture with some training or actions. And more important is design a politic cooperatively cultural pattern.2. What does the literature say about different cultural contexts and its influence on teams and groupsWhat are culture and its importanceAccording to Hofstede(2003), culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another. It related to a group. With a large-scale investigate study of IBM branches around the world by Geert Hofstede, the culture is considered a compositive project. Geert Hofstede creates a new way to describe culture through five variables power distance, individualism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation.All theories have limitations. Altho ugh this method created by Geert Hofstede is not absolutely right, it does not affect the theory of Hofstede can analyse one countrys culture as a valuable tool. Contract with the case of Lenovo, the most important effect by culture is Currently only 25% of international mergers and acquisitions in Europe are successful. The price of failure is high. Cultural misunderstanding lead to loss of face, loss of money and, in total case, even loss of life (Gibson cited in Naysmith, 2006). If managers do not pay enough attention on the culture, it possibly can cause the failure of the acquisition of IBM.Organisational cultureCulture is not only exists in the countries, but also culture exists in any organisation constituted by people. Based on Handy (1993) said, The role organisation will succeed as long as it can operate in a stable environment. A steady cultural environment is necessary for an organization get success. At the same time, organisational culture is manageable and it can aff ects the approach of management, the accepted goals and customer of the society determine and influence that what managers strive for and the rule observed by managers (Stewart cited in Naysmith, 2006). So, the organisation also based on the cultural context of the country. The organisational culture can also measured by the five variables created by Hofstede.(Geert Hofstede, 2001)Influence of culture on teams and groupsIf a company formed by people comes from different cultural country, this company will own a special energy. It is a competitive advantage from a cross-cultural context. But, exerting the competitive advantage effectively is the most important challenge for the cross-cultural group. Because in a cross-cultural group the members have different working purpose and processes will be revealed. (Maznevski Peterson, 1997) The effectiveness of work group will be decreased by the ethnocentrism, stereotypes, different expectations and difference in values. And these negative emotions will produce the anxiety and misunderstanding in-group, even diminishing the workers dedication to the company and destroying the group ardor.Interenst for LenovoCross-border mergers and acquisitions not only take the corporate cultural differences of both sides, but also include the cultural differences between the countries of the two sides. Organise some activities or cultural training to make more opportunities for every understanding different culture can eliminate the negative affects effectively.3. ConclusionThis literature review introduces some keys briefly for understanding teams and groups in a cross-cultural context. Firstly, teams and groups are particular important for an organisation. But there are some problems should be solved in a cross-cultural group. The managers is not only should know everyones skill and talent, but also they should know their difference caused by different cultural context. And some actions can make a good communication between each other for understanding the differences are necessary. Secondly, based on enough knowledge to understand the importance of culture, the managers should eliminate the negative affects of cross-cultural context through some activities or training. And the most important is creating an appropriate organisational culture. It can give the cross-cultural group an approach, so the cross-cultural group can exerts the competitive advantages completely.BibliographyBennett, R., (1991), Organisational Behavior, London ME/Pitman, pp.145, 154.Geert Hofstede, (2001), Cultures Consequences Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations, Second Edition, Thousand Oaks CA Sage PublicationsGeert Hofstede, (2003), Cultures and Organisations, Intercultural Cooperation and Its Importance for Survival, Soft ware of the Mind, London Profile Books Ltd.Handy, C, (1993), Understanding Organisations (4th ed.), London Penguin, pp.150-2.Maznevski, M. Peterson, M.F., (1997), Societal Values, loving Interpretation, and Multinational Teams. In C. Skromme Granrose S.Oskamp (Eds.), Cross-Cultural Work Groups, pp. 61-89, London Sage Publications Ltd.Nahavandi, A. Malekzadeh, A.R., (1995), Acculturation in mergers and acquisitions, In capital of Mississippi (Ed.), Cross-Cultural Management, pp. 328-341, Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.Olie, R., (1995), Culture and integration problem in international mergers and acquisitions, In T. Jackson (Ed.), Cross-Cultural Management, pp. 308-325, Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.Sun Ziwen, (2012, April 13), Case analysis of the cultural integration in cross-border mergers and acquisitions of Chinese enterprises, Peoples Forum, 356(2), 7.Thomson, R., (2002), Managing people (3rd ed.), Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann, pp.92, 95.Thomson, R. Mabey, C., (1994), Developing Human Resources, Oxford Butterworth-Heinemann in association with the Institute of Management, pp.177.Woodcock, M., (1979), Team Development Manual, Aldershot Go wer Press Teakfield Limited, pp.177.

Types of Cooperatives Essay Example for Free

Types of joints EssayThe side by side(p) argon the main types of conjunct enterprisesi.Producer accommodating SocietiesThese be formed to eliminate the middlemen and capitalist groups from theindustrial production. Its main purpose is to produce goods for the requirements of its constituents. Surplus productions are also supplied to out riders in the open market at loot. All the undeniable activities .as production, management and merchandising are performed by the members themselves. Its members get dividend on the basis of the capital invested by them. Objects(a)To purchase the raw materials and different factors at nearly economical prices.(b)To produce the goods at the most economical level.(c)To supervise the production most efficiently and effectively.(d)To dispose of the surplus production to non members at maximum prices.(e)To eliminate the middlemen and capitalists.(f)To remove the workers grievances in revere of working conditions, wages etc.(g)To arrange for the democratic control of the industrial unit. ii.Consumer Cooperative SocietiesThe society is the spontaneous association of ordinary people formed with the target area of obtaining daily requirements of the members. It directly purchases the goods at large cuticle from the producer or wholesalers at whole sale price. It thus eliminates capitalists, retailers and other middlemen from the channel of distribution and members are in a position to muddle their purchase at cheater rate. Anyone can become member by purchasing one share of the society. Sometimes goods are also supplied to non-members but they do non share in the profit of the society. Profit earned by the store are distributed among the members according to the look on of the purchases conducted by the manager who is elected by the members.Generally its two types are popular in the world. (a)Retail cooperative store.(b)Wholesale cooperative store.Objects1.To eliminate the retailers, capitalists and wholesalers.2.To promote the welfare of the members.3.To bring the daily necessities of life to its members at market price.4.To enlarge the purchasing power an standard of living of the members of the society.iii.Marketing Cooperative nightspotIt is the voluntary association of producers formed for the objective of arranging the disposal of their output. It pools in concert the output of the individual members and arranges to supply the product at highest possible price. The profit of the sale of the products is distributed among the contributing producers according to their individual contribution to the pool. This kind of society is particularly useful for the lesser producers and agriculturists. It can be formed in two organization according to the local condition of the unpolished i.e.(a)Single purpose society(b)Multi purposes societyObjectives1.To eliminate the middlemen who are liable of the high cost of marketing.2.To pool together the output of the individual members.3.To grade and p rocess of the pooling products of the members.4.To dispose of the product at the maximum price.5.To adjust supply to demand.6.To provide storage facilities to its members.7.To procure the information relating to market for the members product.8.To provide the financial facilities to its members.iv. Insurance Cooperative corporationThis type of cooperative society is formed for the objects of providing group insurance facilities to its members. It makes the contract with sound insurance family on collective terms and conditions and thus pay lower premium rate to insurance familiarity as compared with ordinary polity holders. These are other two forms of cooperative Insurance i.e.1.Mutual office2.Self forethought.In the Mutual office, the policy holders are the owners and the profit of the insurance company is utilized in the following ship canal(a)To strengthen the financial position of the company.(b)To decrease true amount of premium.(c)To distribute bonus to its members.Self concernCooperative society is organized to provide insurance facilities like the private insurance company and issued policy to its members for reasonableamount.Object1.To provide insurance facilities to its members.2.To charge the low rate of premium.3.To promote the welfare of the members.4.To hike the raiment of thrift and investment.v.Housing Cooperative societyIt is an association of middle and low income groups of people. Generally it is formed in urban areas. The main purpose of this form of society is to protect its members against exploitation by landlords. It not and grants financial assistance to its members but also achieve the economics of purchase of expression material in bulk. In order to become a member of the society one must buy at least one share of the society. The liability of the member is limited to his capital contributed. It is also called Building Society and may be divided into three types i.e.(1)Housing Building Society(2)Land Society(3)Finance Socie tyObjectives1.To receive deposits from its members.2.To make loans to its members for the construction of house at low rate of fire.3.To render technical services for its members.4.To purchase building materials at economical rate.5.To perform the welfare activities as water supply, roads, sewerage, electricity etc.vi. Cooperative res publica SocietyThis form of Society is formed with the object of obtaining the benefits of large scale farming and maximizing uncouth products. It is basically agricultural. cooperative which is confined to agricultural countries. Its members generally relate to the formers including those owing land. The cooperative forming are of the following types1.Cooperative collective farming Society.2.Cooperative joint farming society.3.Cooperative better farming society.4.Cooperative tenant farming society.Objective(a)To unite holding.(b)To introduce new technique of cultivation.(c)To improve the irrigating system.(d)To increase the area under agricultural operations.(e)To make necessary steps for the improvements of the standard of living of the farmers.(f)To increase the production per acre.(g)To provide seeds manures and implements to its members.(h)To dispose of agricultural output.vii. Credit Cooperative SocietyCredit cooperative society is the voluntary association of .the financially weak persons organized with the object of providing short term financial requirements to them. This society performs important role in the rural areas where the dishonest capital lenders have been exploiting simple villagers by charging high rate of interest. The Funds of the society consist of (a) Membership fees, (b) eject of shares (c) Deposits from members and non-members(d) Loan from govt. and semi govt. The liability of members is unlimited. This assists the society in raising funds and ensures that every member allow take keen interest in the activities of the society. The society prefers the poorer members in granting loan and charges l ow rate of interest from them. Generally the society advances the amount for productive purposes but some loans are also given to members for unfertile purposes. Credit cooperative society may be divided into two types(1)Agricultural Credit Society(2)Non-agricultural opinion SocietyObjects(a)To get rid of the pressure of money lenders.(b)To provide the financial facilities for short term to its members.(c)To confine the minimum rate of interest on loan.(d)To develop the habit of thrift and saving among the members.(f)To encourage the habit of mutual aid.

Attendance Monitoring Information System Essay Example for Free

Attendance Monitoring Information System EssayThe Project contract resulted from individual and conclave studies and experiences of ePerformax supply members in the course of clobbering with potential recruits. Their research yielded the following realities which arouse concern While there were a lot of repair paying jobs for Filipinos who had a good mastery of the English language, there were non enough Filipinos who could qualify. Job examineers who come from middle income means and higher had better chances to land good jobs because they are much proficient in English and can help themselves to more books to improve themselves. Job seekers who learned English at a younger age tend to ready little trouble adjusting to global standards and communication challenges. The younger unrivalled develops English skills, the higher the chances of success after on in life. Monetary assistance to the poor tend to be short-lived and non sustaining, but providing them skills fo r self-help gave them a chance for a better future. Cultivating English proficiency and access to books may provide a solution. brief History of the companyePerformax Contact Centers BPO (eP) is a joint venture between TDG and ePerformax Contact Centers USA. As one of the first contact centers in the Philippines in 2002, eP provides high-performance customer service and BPO to a strategic group of US Fortune 500 companies. eP provides English speaking inbound customer service, sales support and BPO via joint calls, email and chat backup clients customers from the US, Canada and Australia.. ePs sister company, the Global Communications instruction Academy, provides the essential discipline and skills to prepare Filipinos for a job in the countrys highly-regarded BPO industry supporting global companies.Services Offered and its descriptionThey seek to partner with their clients to manage their program from a business view to achieve their goals and vision. They think like we th ink strategically and financially with a keen focus on the business today and an eye on the future. This means they understand the regard to be responsive and proactive. They wear extinctt wait for you to tell us to cast improvements. They suggest improvements to us and body of work with the team to make headway them happen. Simply put, customer experience involves customer service, plus making sure the customer is fully quelled at every point where he or she comes into contact with the organization. Thats a never-ending care for of listening to the customer, servicing the customer, learning from the customer and improving for the customer. Thats how they view their client partnerships.PERFORM in ePerformaxP Passion PersuadesThe entire ePerformax team is driven to be the best. Every employee is compensated based on their ability to achieve the KPMs that are aligned with their clients business objectives. They make analytics common apply at all levels of management to give their managers the tools to understand the dynamics of our business in order to cognise whats really working, whats not and why, and what to do to positively influence performance. At ePerformax they have a driving desire to be the best.E Empowerment LeadsTheir analytical processes submit the guess work out of making solid decisions, and their team members are empowered to take action and manage the business as if it were their own. Armed with the data, analytical tools and proper training, their team can proactively address both challenges and opportunities, manage risks, improve efficiencies, centralise costs through elimination of unnecessary work, and identify patterns in the vast amounts of available data to take corrective actions that result in continuous improvements. At ePerformax they dont wait to be told which stress to go. They lead the way.R Resourcefulness RocksResourcefulness and empowerment go hand-in-hand. To maximize their analytical capabilities management not only needs to make decisions, but also have the capableness to implement them. This is yet other point of differentiation they believe contributes to their ability to outperform other competitive vendors. Every aspect of the process requires creativity in identifying valuable data and organizing resources to deliver results. Their managers are trained and empowered to be resourceful in their roles. At ePerformax they dont accept limitations. They find solutions.F Flexibility ThrivesAnother make point of differentiation is the speed at which they respond to their clients changing needs. Their job is to make it easy for their clients to make the necessary adjustments to their business even if they dont make it easy for the team. It is because of their size of it and small number of clients, they are able to deliver speed boat responsiveness. They are also one of only a few companies that has implemented a compressed, 48-hour work week for agents. That means they pay their sta ff for 8 hours above the 40 hours of productive time each individual is scheduled. That allows flex time for coaching, training and taking calls if needed to support services levels. At ePerformax theyre not easily rattled. They accept the need for change.O Optimism PrevailsThis is an important component of their ability to meet and exceed our objectives. In order to be optimistic, they moolah by being realistic. They look at every action they are planning for the worst facial expression scenarios and by doing so they are then able to minimize risk and focus on success. Optimism, aright managed is a catalyst for change. And in a constantly changing industry and a continuous improvement culture, change is what ultimately drives results. At ePerformax they believe in the potential of every team member.R Results preference WinsThey know that unwaveringly work and hard results are different and they believe in achieving the hard results. They work with their clients to ensure th at their KPMs are directly aligned with their business objectives. And they adopt a single-minded focus to achieving those objectives. By focusing their efforts on the KPMs at all levels of the organization, they develop clarity of purpose, momentum and a methodology for prioritization of the work needed to be done to get the desired results. At ePerformax they understand the difference between hard work and hard results. They always go for hard results.M Motivation SucceedsEvery action has a consequence and when the positive consequences outweigh the negative consequences, they motivate the performance they want to achieve. As such, we see a critical need for their business culture, disciplines, accountabilities and incentives to be aligned with their clients. We monitor our results constantly to ensure they are need every individual to contribution. In doing so, they have been able to develop a high-performing team that wants to win for their clients. That gives their clients th e potency that they are aligned with them. And thats motivating to everyone.ObjectiveThe objective of this visit in ePerformax is to know how they seek to partner with their clients to manage their program from a business perspective to achieve their goals and vision.

American Dream by James Truslow Essay Example for Free

the Statesn Dream by James Truslow EssayThe American vision is a term coined by James Truslow in his 1932 book Epic of America, plainly it is a concept as old as America itself anything is possible if only the mortal is willing to hold toughened. The stargaze draws immigrants to our shores and borders every year and keeps one million millions of Americans content in the idea that their toiling will pave the way to success for them and for their children. However, for every rags-to- gamyes story, at that place argon thousands of other gruelling- take oning people who cannot touch on by, who do not have enough to eat, transportation, refuge housing, or warm clothes in winter. There is much evidence that the American dream is brusque more than a myth, a false promise that keeps millions of people working themselves weary for a separate tomorrow that will never beat.The American dream is the promise of the Declaration of Indep peculiarityence, which indicates that our inalienable rights ar feel, liberty, and the by-line of merriment. There is no single American dream, but Adams defines the concept in its well-nigh dignified palpate It is the dream of a land in which support should be better and richer and fuller for every unitary, with opportunity for severally according to ability or achievementa dream of a social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which that are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position. (qtd. In Ferenz) The sweetening of America for immigrants and the promise to its citizens is that, as Adams indicates, the individual is not held back by circumstances, but through individual efforts can pursue and attain whatever personal brand of happiness he or she desires.In the midst of the Great Depression, Franklin Roosevelt recognized the leave the federal government needed to play in re tention the American dream a break down-no longer was hard work the only factor involved in ensuring an welcome standard of living. Under his administration, a number of social programs were put into place to help Americans achieve the dream, which Roosevelt draw as sufficiency of life, rather thana plethora of riches and sound wellness, good food, good education, good working conditions (qtd. In Muir). Owing to these principles, Roosevelts New Deal included the Social Security Act, light Labor Standards Act that banned child labor and established a lower limit wage, and a configuration of programs that put Americans to work in civil service (Successes 4-6). Roosevelts programs and World War II helped puff out the nation out of the Great Depression, but were not permanent solutions in making the American dream possible for all Americans.By the 1960s, one in five Americans were living in pauperization, and in his prime(a) State of the Union address in 1964, Lyn go into John son declared, an unconditional war on need in America. (qtd. In Quindlen 1) Johnson, too, understood that the American dream was one not attainable through hard work alone. As Anna Quindlen, Pulitzer-prize winning journalist, notes in her 2004 editorial, from Johnsons declaration a host of government initiatives sprang, including Head Start, an expended food-stamp program, and sweeping reforms in health care for the needy (Quindlen 2).Unfortunately, in appall of the attempts of Roosevelt, Johnson, and others to lend a hand to those Americans who need it roughly, the feeling that the worthless are responsible for their own troubles always seems to creep its way back into the American mind. Weve all hear the rumors that the scummy are lazy, that wel remotee is merely n excuse not to get a mull over. Quindlen comments that part of the problem with a war on poverty nowadays is that many Americans have decided that beingness shortsighted people is a character defect, not an eco nomic condition (Quindlen 2).Public indemnity of the last a a couple of(prenominal)(prenominal) cristals seems to follow this line of thinking the Federal minimum wage has not risen since 1997 even as welfare reform movements have forced millions of people, many single parents, off public assistance and into minimum wage jobs. Quindlen argues that forty years after Johnson led the charge, the battle against poverty still rages. The self-aggrandisinggest differences today if that there is no call to arms by those in power (Quindlen 1). How does this shift in American policy affect the status of the American dream? Can we still call ourselves the land of opportunity when the American dream eludes so many of our citizens? Should the American dream exist and is it really worth it to try and live by the dream?In July 2000, Mortimer Zuckerman, editor-in-chief of U.S. newsworthiness and World Report, wrote an adjudicate about the success of the American dream. Zuckerman claims that it is a dream on individual effort-talent, ambition, risk-taking, readiness to change, and just plain hard work-qualities that count more in America than social background of luck (Zuckerman 120). That is a perspective that Zuckerman, a billionaire whose biography on the U.S. News and World Report website boasts he has substantial real-estate holdings, including properties in Boston, New York, Washington, and San Francisco can afford to have. The reality for most Americans, however, is not nearly so great. It is a reality where social background and luck play far too large a part in achieving the American dream. ii articles written a decade apart demonstrate that bitter reality. In USA Today in 1996, Charles Whalen writes that beneath the misleading dig up prosperity of the 1990s are numerous alarming trends, among them relentless downsizing, longer job searches and sluggish job creation, detonative growth in contingent work (part-time and temporary employment), and wage stagnatio n (Whalen 2-3). One would be hard=pressed to find a list that better demonstrates the part luck plays in securing steady employment. Whalen in any case cites a survey, ironically conducted for U.S. News and World Report, that indicates 57% of those asked said that the American dream is out of micturate for most families (qtd. in Whalen 2).In 2006 in the Chicago Sun-Times, Clyde Murphy cites a new report released by the Opportunity Agenda that measures the nations progress in living up to the American dream. The findings? That millions of Americans do not have a fair chance to achieve their full potential, despite their best efforts (Murphy 33). Two of the reasons cited by the study are housing discrimination against blacks, Hispanics, and Asians are employment discrimination against women and minorities, which included favoring job candidates with white-sounding names. These findings clearly refute Zuckermans claim, demonstrating that background does in fact count more in America than individual effort when it comes to achieving certain aspects of the American dream.Another dubious claim in Zuckermans essay is that anybody who wishes to work has the opportunity to move from the bottom of the ladder to a middle-class standard of life, or high (Zuckerman 120). As award-winning journalist Barbara Ehrenreich notes in her book Nickel and Dimed On (Not) getting By in America, the rhetoric surrounding welfare reform assumed that a job was the ticket out of poverty and that the only thing holding back welfare recipients was their reluctance to get out and get one (Ehrenreich 196). As a wealth of evidence suggests, this is the fundamental misperception surrounding the American dream.In her 2003 editorial A New Kind of Poverty, Anna Quindlen argues America is a country that now sits atop a precarious grille of myth. It is the myth that working people can support their families (Quindlen 2). Quindlen interviews two women who run services for the homeless and impove rished in New York City, ant they note that more often they are seeing working families in dire need of their help. Indeed, according to the U.S. numerate Bureaus 2005 report on poverty, Americas poverty rate has been climbing, from 11.3 percent in 2000 to 12.7 percent in 2004, the latest for which data is available. This translates into 37 million people who live below the poverty line. This is further complicated, however, by the way that the enumerate Bureau calculates the poverty level. Barbara Ehrenreich explains that it is still calculated by the archaic method of taking the bare-bones cost of food for a family of a given size and multiplying that number by three.Yet food is relatively inflation-proof (Ehrenreich 200). This method results in a base calculation of $9,310 for one person, with $3,180 added for each additional person in the household. As anyone who has ever lived on his or her own understands, those poverty calculations are very low. Ehrenreich points out that t he Economic Policy Institute late reviewed dozens of studies of what constitutes a living wage and came up with an average figure of $30,000 for a family of one bountiful and two children (Ehrenreich 213). When compared to the federal poverty calculation of $15,670, the gap becomes glaringly apparent. Anna Quindlen explains when you adjust the level to reflect reality, you come closer to 35 percent of all Americans who are having a hard time providing the fundamentals for their families (Quindlen 2).As pioneering psychologist Abraham Maslows research reveals, psychological and safety needs-the basics referred to by Quindlen, such as food and housing-must be fulfilled before other needs, core components of the American dream such as belongingness and self-esteem, can be met (Abraham 2). This creates a basic gap between those who can reach for the American dream and those who cannot if all psyches energy is focused on providing food and shelter, there is nothing left to reach for higher(prenominal) goals. In a 2002 essay Whats So Great About America? Dinesh DSouza, an Indian immigrant, makes assertions that demonstrate some common misconceptions about Americans meeting our basic needs.The United States is a country where the characterless guy has a good life, (DSouza 23). He even goes so far to say that very few people in America have to wonder where their next meal is coming from (DSouza 23). Sadly, this is not true. Quindlen indicates the U.S. discussion section of Agriculture notes that 1.6 million New Yorkerssuffer from food insecurity, which is just a fancy way of formulation they do not have to enough to eat (Quindlen 1). Ehrenreich reports that according to a survey conducted by the U.S. convention of Mayors, 67 percent of the adults requesting emergency food aid are people with jobs (Ehrenreich 219).Two other basic needs, safe housing and health care, are also beyond the reach of many Americans. When the rich and the poor compete for housing on th e open market, writes Ehrenreich, the poor dont stand a chance. The rich can always outbid them, buy up their tenements and trailer parks, and replace them withwhatever they like (Ehrenreich 199). This is hyperbolise by the fact that expenditures on public housing have fallen since the 1980s, and the expansion of public rental subsidies came to a halt in the 1990s (Ehrenreich 201). Health care is another sad story. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the number of Americans with no health insurance has been slowly rising, arriving at 15.7 percent in 2004, and as Quindlen observes, poor kids are much more possible to become sick than their counterparts, but much less likely to have health insurance. Talk about a double whammy (Quindlen 1). How can families dream big and plan for the future as they worry about whether the next month will bring constructive eviction or illness?Two people in particular have put a homophile face on the statistical evidence that the American dream r emains out of reach for millions of hard-working Americans. At the urging of her editor at Harpers magazine, Barbara Ehrenreich undertook a yearlong undercover investigation of living on low-wage jobs in Florida, Maine, and Minnesota. She waited tables, worked as a maid, and worked at Wal-Mart, never revealing her statue as a reported, but keeping careful private diaries documenting the details of her devour.In spite of working at least(prenominal) full-time, commonly more, she was unable to get by. The most heartbreaking part of her journey, however, was the people she met, women who were not just experimenting with the low-wage life, but who were detain by it. They were women who were victims of the affordable housing shortage, who lived in cars, or if they were lucky, weekly rental motel rooms. They walked, rode bikes, or bummed rides to work. Certainly among those who experience food insecurity, they skipped meals or ate nutritionally void foods like hot dog buns because the y couldnt afford to eat. They were women with raw hands and sore backs, balancing two or more jobs who would never, in spite of their work ethic, move off that bottom rung of the social ladder.In a similar experiment, Morgan Spurlock (of extremely Size Me fame) and his fiance lived on minimum wage for thirty days in Columbus, Ohio and recorded the results for the premiere episode of his television series 30 Days. As Spurlock works eighteen-hour days making at least $7.50 per hour and Alex works for minimum wage at a coffee house, the pair is faced with a host of challenges that mirror the everyday trials of the working poor. Emergency room visits for a urinary tract contagion and a sprained wrist cost them $1,217. DSouza correctly comments that in America, even sick people who dont have money or insurance will receive medical care at hospital emergency rooms (DSouza 23), but he fails to take into account that truckle care generates bills are equivalent to six weeks of full time mi nimum wage work.The most affordable housing they could find, a steal at $325 per month, has ant infestations, malfunctioning heat, and is upstairs from an apartment that was a crack house just the week before. Furthermore, their relationship is strained by the stress that results from the constant worrying about money. At the end of the month they find themselves hundreds of dollars in the hole, by permanently changed by their experience. When taken together, the accounts of Ehrenreich and Spurlock offer powerful acumen into the everyday struggles of the working poor, those who are anything but lazy but still find themselves drowning financially, the American dream slipping further away all the time.Dinesh DSouza claims that in America your destiny is not prescribed. Your life is like a blank sheet of paper and you are the artist (DSouza 24). It is difficult to believe, however, that the millions of working poor are not trying to create a better destiny for themselves, only to find their dreams let down by the harsh realities of daily life. So why is the American dream still suck a pervasive part of our consciousness, even in the face of overwhelming evidence that hard work is not the ticket to prosperity, or even necessarily to a comfortable standard of living?In his Critique of Hegels Philosophy of the Right, Karl Marx wrote that religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of the heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. It is the opium of the people. The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is essential for the real happiness (qtd in Cline). Marxs clever observation is that religion, in keeping the focus on the afterlife, keeps people from demanding fair treatment in this world. DSouza suggests, however, that capitalism gives America a this-worldly focus that allows destruction and the afterlife to recede from everyday viewthe gaze of the people is shifted to earthly progress (DSouza 25).I f this the case, why is it that we are not more aware of (and enraged about) the decided lack of earthly progress of so many of our friends and neighbors? roughly believe that it is because the American dream has taken the place of religion as todays opiate of the masses. So long as we all believe that there is a better life ahead, that is we only work harder, our dreams are within reach, it is easy to be lulled into satisfaction about the inequality that is so common in America today. Barbara Ehrenreich predicts that someday the working poor are bound to tire of getting so little in return for their labor and to demand to be paid what theyre worth (Ehrenreich 221). Some challenge, echoing Marx, that Ehrenreichs predication will not come true until the American dream, the illusory happiness of the people, is abolished in favor of a more realistic world view that recognizes that more than hard work, a helping hand is needed to make America truly the land of opportunity.From the sur vey that I took in class, 14 out of 20 people were surveyed and said that they to, disagree that the American dream should exist. They believe as well that there should be a more realistic view in society that allows you to get what you work for. Of the people that did agree, most were people between the ages of 18 and 21, people who have not yet, most likely gotten out into the real world to experience what type of life they can actually work for. If you too, disagree with the American dream, I ask you to go to this website http//www.thepetitionsite.com/3/the-american-dream-is-not-for-rent , sign the petition, and keep working hard at what you doWork CitedAbraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. Shippensberg University Website. Sept. 2005 2-3. Web. 16 June 2009.Cline, Austin. Karl Marx on Religion. About.com. 5 Apr. 2006 n.pag. Web. 16 June 2009.DSouza, Dinesh. Whats So Great About America? The American Enterprise. May 2002 22-25. Print.Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed On (Not) Get ting By in America. New York Owl Books. 2002 20-38. Print.Ferenz, Kathleen. What is the American Dream? San Francisco State University Online Web Site. 31 Mar. 2005 n.pag. Web. 16 June 2009. Muir, Ed. Narrowing the Highway to the American Dream. American Teacher. Oct. 2004 25. Print.Murphy, Clyde. When Opportunity Knocks, It Skips Over Some Adresses. Chicago Sun-Times. 14 Feb. 2006 33. Web. 16 June 2009.Quindlen, Anna. A New Kind of Poverty. Newsweek. 1 Dec. 2003 1-2. Web. 16 June 2009.Quindlen, Anna. The War We Havent Won. Newsweek. 20 Sep. 2004 1-2. Web.16 June 2009.Successes and Failures of Roosevelts New Deal Programs. Bergen County Technical Schools and Special Services Web Site. 10 Mar. 2006 4-6. 16 June 2009.U.S Census Bureau. 2005 Poverty Press Release. 30 Aug. 2005 n.pag. 16 June 2009. Whalen, Charles J. The Age of Anxiety Erosion of the American Dream. USA Today. Sep. 1996 1-3. Web. 16 June 2009.Zuckerman, Mortimer. A Time to Celebrate. U.S. News and World Report. 17 Jul. 2000 120. Print.