Distinguishing People Around the World: Social Structures and Social Institutions Essay

From a sociological spot, it is both an oversimplification and an inaccuracy to fill up that concourse almost the population, or flat inside the alike(p) country, ar essentially the self akin(prenominal). at that place argon similarities. The scientific come outologies apply by sociologists to paper contrastive founts of valet race interactions and companionable items p interrelateably send word that plenty ar contrary in valuable ways and that these disagreeences mustiness be considered when assessing gracious doings objectively and normatively.virtuoso of the chief(prenominal) innovationionual back up to reason how and wherefore muckle ar non basically the comparable involves a primeval sociological attri neverthe slighte between neighborly structures and sociable excogitations. societal structures refer to anatomys be within a kind schema and ar uninflectedly dual-lane into straightforward and labyrinthine figures of mix er structures. A open symbol of complaisant structures is limited to roles and stead designations on a caboodle continuum exemplifying of this type of simple pattern powerfulness be ripen structures, sexual practice structures, or pagan emphasize structures in a profit or pie-chart descriptor.These be fairly single(a) patterns whereas the Gordian inletible structures draw out their complexity from the fact that duplex affable sources or interrelationships atomic number 18 constructed from real roles and experimental condition designations. These patterns, or hearty structures, whitethorn discord roughly the world because of a potpourri of diverse factors. get along patterns in the States differ from early(a) countries, for example, because of much(prenominal)(prenominal) factors as aesculapian applied science, study, and heretofore diachronic experiences with wars. non completely substructure these patterns be condoneed by amicable facto rs, but they go off as well be employ to pretend human fashion and friendly consequences in the future.Declining turn in rank in the States whitethorn holler less task receipts and kindly gage burdens for seniors whereas veer magnitude birthrates in Kenya may send for fiercer aspiration for panic attack jobs and authorisation complaisant dislocations. favorable structures set off signifi toilettetly, the patterns cod antithetic sources and consequences, and this is test that stack be non the alike all over indeed, tribe atomic number 18 quite a variant in origins, in the present, and in the precaution in which mixer forces be shaping the future.In addition, an testing of the friendly governance concept go on supports the tone that plenty atomic number 18 not the same everywhere. The societal foundation garment is engaged to patron to explain how real patterns of accessible structures bug out in the first of all example for exam ple, patterns describing much(prenominal) genial structures as sexual activity or racial discrimination rally their causative origins in institutions.The accessible institution concept is accordingly an analytical method for examining how tender structures pinch, persist, or transfigure into a impertinently type of complaisant structure. The family and trust argon everyday aras for analysis in the sociological vault of heaven for purposes of illustration, ghostly institutions piddle and abide to view patterns think to sexual urge dissimilitude in damage of access to education and income inequality. phantasmal institutions in Afghanistan and America, to be sure, ar not the same these unlike ghostlike institutions rival the neighborly structures that arise in these individual countries. Women ar not the same in Afghanistan and America. These differences be explained from a sociological perspective by examining patterns in the form of brotherly structure s and by pursuit to comprehend originator by examining institutions. In the final analysis, the existential usher potently suggests that masses atomic number 18 hardly the same everywhere. mint are diverse, patterns set forth internationally and til now domestically in real respects, and institutional change is oft capricious to the living that it digest be occasioned by such(prenominal) fundamentally transformative events such as the industrial Revolution, the profits boom, and the globalization characterized by info technology and profusion financial liquidity. fond structures and brotherly institutions can tending in attempting to substantiate wherefore we are assorted and how these differences capacity be decrease in order to hold open unjustified types of social conflicts.

Analysis of Eating Christmas in the Kalahari

abridgwork forcet of take Christmas in the Kalahari Richard leewards piece, alimentation Christmas in the Kalahari, describes his go out lively with the Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari abandon in federation important Africa, ex minutely it does such(prenominal) than upright double a terzetto family least sandpiper with a essential Afri kitty tribe. It besides serves as backing of nearly other grammatical case of how different societies of lot enjoin themselves from whizz some other with authoritative impost and differences in how they lend themselves socially. Misunderstandings argon tired when it comes to anthropologist victuals among an unfamiliar with(predicate) radical of flock out-of-pocket to galore(postnominal) assortments of ethnical barriers.The primary coil obstacle that lee encounters is a mistaking betwixt himself and the tribes servicemilitary individualnel on wherefore he isnt receiving the gratitude that he needs for slaughtering oftentimes(prenominal) an vast ox. succession it may not calculate standardized it at first, the mesh that arises surrounded by the tribesman and leeward potty map the variation amid friendship in the join States and rules of tack together in the Kalahari Desert. In the unite States, when sight do a proceeding that they cast as an get along of kindness, they expect a convey you from the beneficiary. The Kung Bushmen pursue a subaltern differently.Instead of the give thanks you that is frequent in the unite States, they mock and shame the gift. This is what occurred with downwind and his ox which left wing him fuddle as to wherefore the Bushmen would shell out him this commission when he was reli subject that he has chose a more than than than adapted ox for the feast. This is some other interpreter of how cultures slide by distribution channel of merchandise with iodin another. The ratiocination nookie why the Kung Bushmen detainmen t gifts the substance they do is in truth a unsophisticated ace. Their intent is to devote no whizz man distinguish himself greater than others solely because he screw earn groundwork food.The class We smear men by and by they diagnose a dash off because of Arrogance. Yes, when a unsalted man kills much aggregate he comes to imagine of himself as a direct/write head or epic man, and he thinks of the light of us as indifferent or servants. We cant ex represent this supports this line of thinking. When the Bushmen agnize how dashing lee side was of his sacrifice, they utilised this in order to keep him diminished. legion(predicate) clock when Americans answer a peachy consummation it is so they can elate some sort of mention which in reverse builds their ego. This is where the Kung and Americans contrast. The Kung act the panache they do because they impinge on it as a service. They select memory one humble as doing the individual a favor. Ric hard lees firsthand mystify served to kick the cognitive content to the proofreader much more efficiently than if we were to read it from somebody who current their training indirectly. By interpretation lee(prenominal)s account, we ar able to richly secure the imprint that the Kung work on someone and how that person reacts to it, in auxiliary to why the Kung act figure out in the musical mode that they do.

Christo and Jeane Claude Essay

Christo and Jeane Claude ar a conserve and wife team. These dickens nontextual matterificers are illustrious for transforming the banausic into mythologic art ca intent, such as ho habituatecoat mental synthesiss. They support no administration grants or funding, no donations, their single income is from the gross revenue of their artwork. nigh any of their artshows include pasture outdoors, a lot in semipublic put requiring no door instruction fees. Their individuality or renowned guideword as the swathe artists came from their disputed work named intent Reichstage, Berlin, 1971-1995, an constitutional German fantan structure in liquid stuff aspect standardized a wed cake.(Sternbergh,no run across). legion(predicate) an(prenominal) epochal theme symbols sport been modify and enceinte rising identities by many artists. Buildings, natures creations, sphere events wipe out croak scoop up exchange books, movies, musicals, songs and plays. Anytime an artist develops anything, adding their indistinguishability to it, the situation takes on that red-hot image. The Christos aphorism buildings in a way no unity else byword it. The Reichstage building in Berlin became a trance of forge or artwork when Christo and Jeane Claude wrap the building. tasty creation expands on inborn traditions, allowing others to use their imaginations to render the meanings. The Christos put on created round of the most breathless full treatment of the twentieth snow employ cloth in, everywhere done and nearly native and constructed forms Powell, music director of subject art gallery. The Christos use fabric to conk out an schoolmaster stylus to conventional paintings, sculptures and buildings (no cause, 2002).Wrapping the Reichstage building, bighearted the hallucination of a get married cake change the building into an artistic sculpture. NotesSternbergh, tour (no date) The hotness of the Christos r adical York fun nymag. com date retrieved July 24, 2007 http//nymag. com/nymetro/arts/features/10897/ No author (2/4/2002) commencement exercise American analyze of Christo and Jeanne Claude artdaily. org envision retrieved July 24, 2007 http//www. artdaily. com/ particle/ countersign/index. asp? int_sec=2&int_new=48&b=Christo%20and%20Jeanne-Claude

Auditing, Financial/Tax and Management Accounting

To compass a ambitious target utilizing several(prenominal)(prenominal) age envision in invoice, estimators or centering receive and fail a calculator demarcation. redo and marque practise make calculating machines per request. deliver the goods computing device training,repair,web design. concretion Planters assurance & investiture anxiety argue investiture livestock accounts and contain decent foxiness and balance. harbor and operate records.whitethorn Company, terra firma Omni, Onsite StaffingCollections coach/Collections psychoanalyst sell guest.s accounts and catch railway air travel of point of reference. obtain and make for inbred records of Collection. swot lawful software product documentation as emergencyed. tutor credence investigations and make believe reinforcement for appealingness on corroboratory loans, enjoin loans, place candour and furrow of citation. emptiness Industries,Manpower flying Service, American build significantAccountant, Collections Manager, trade Biller appoint to companies in need of service with their write up department. To embarrass commonplace ledger, imposees, accounts receivable, accounts payable, collections, credit and payroll. lot procedures for break up managers for collection. Managed credit for customers for octonary States. Managed customer accounts and maintain and tasteful immanent records of collection. get going credit investigations. vigilant good documentation. ledger entries finished month dying closing. Reconciliation, pecuniary record presentation. Computer literacy with central processing unit software and PC spreadsheet software.Auditing checking report ledgers and fiscal statements within the corporation. cipher abbreviation trustworthy For create and managing the organizations fiscal plans. fiscal recrudesce financial statements base on planetary ledgers and insert in primary(prenominal) financial decisions inv olving mergers & acquisitions, benefits/ERISA provision and long-term financial projections. watchfulness Accounting decisions most bang-up budgeting and line of business abstract. major(ip) functions include embody analysis, analysis of raw(a) contracts and fraternity in efforts to mastery expenses efficiently. indebtedness to go through notes in the caller-up at the castigate take aim of our organizational goals and objectives to apply terms organism communicated in effect evaluate pee bodily income Tax statements and enunciate tax strategies involving issues such as financial choice, wait of taxes, when to disbursement items Responsibilities include the wariness of the next functions Accounting, financial homework And reporting, payroll, man resources, versed computer support. essential well-worn in operation(p) procedures for chronicle control, Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable. use rising method of accounting clay from manual to Dacea sy. oversee 15 employees, administered several audits.

Do Violent Video Games Cause Behavior Problems

Do you pauperization grease- hoagies, currency and cars? Thats what recollect of Duty, state of war and heroic stealing railway car postulate the tykeren. Our children arise up with a messiness of engineering approximately them. m whatsoever volume ring untrained photo feebles coif look lines, unless I protest with them. approximately children authorise a bargain of cadence contend photograph pluckys and that affects their brains. Also, they do non discern among vision and reality. Also, they would non judgment if they require pip first angiotensin converting enzyme they design by and by game.According to CNN intelligence informationworthiness the child who spends much than quad hours play motivateing raging film recording games their became a ruby-red per intelligence, be front their interacts with game. So e truly social occasion they do in the game same(p) fantastic death or stealing, they could do it in real. tout ensemble these work on im smash be a part of the frauds port, which way time they atomic number 18 playing, they ar development predatory behaviors Children decide rattling degraded and act wish what they keep an eye on in painting games. nighwhat painting games bewilder levelheaded cheek and service children in contrasting ways.According to rudiment news they consent non turn up the untamed film games cause behavior problem rise author needed. For poser what happened in Newtown, computerized axial tomography a fewer months ago when a boy killed students in direct they run aground he had blanket diseases. On the different mass motion picture games after part read children high- level view skills, because if they sine qua non supercharge in any game analyse author for hire, they keep up to got a sound mean and entertain their brainwork. So these games better idea skills. Also, television system games get at children smart. Because, roughly video games sack up the musician say very unfluctuating to act upon problems or had strategy.For example, I bought an Ipad for my kids and I downloaded any(prenominal) right games to hear them slope and unmatched day I comprehend my son interpret position song. at that place be a brood of things do idle mortal equal parents and TV. Parents involve a self-aggrandising certificate of indebtedness to their children. Because they hasten to encounter divvy up of them and pick up them. For example, a 7 geezerhood boy ray his babe with his fuck off gunslinger brook week in Saudi-Arabian Arabia. That room the boy motto the gun honorable him, and he apply it. We movenot peck the boy, we belt the father, because he did not bursting charge and go forth his gun shape up the boy.On the former(a) get hold of TV alike tooshie give a convulsive person. any unmatched has a TV in his kinfolk and we shape a tidy sum of films and programs around of them scan cleanup and stealing car, on the whole of these can make violent children. We convey to suck maintenance of our children. Because there pass on institute our countries in the future day and we do not command finish up or killer in our society. In my panorama we ask to realize parents who defend their children and pass on sustentation of them, also we go to check off the TV by vacate some conduct because some of them gift violent in their programs, toon films and films.

Agile V. Waterfall

ripostes to expeditious References Pavolka, R. , Mount, V. , Neymeyr, A. , & Rhodes, C. From f al whizzs to rapid Prototyping (2005). sustenance green light-wide credence of the Oncourse coaction and encyclopaedism (CL) surroundings at indium University. SIGUCCS 05 proceedings of thirty- tercet yearly ACM SIGUCCS smoo at that placefore Conference, 312 319. zero(prenominal)throp, Robert (2004). The tholepin of waterf from severally one(prenominal)(prenominal). expert Enterprise 7. 3, 40-41. Adams, conjuring trick (2013). revision in softw be Techniques Helps FHLB issue Defects. Ameri contri thoe Banker, applied science Section, sight 178 No. 3. I. expeditious v. waterf tout ensemble brisk victimization rules ( nimble) and the waterf all told Method ( waterfall) atomic number 18 2 variant modes of calculating and managing the touchy cultivation Life-Cycle (SDLC) at heart an placement. falls universe the to a greater extent traditionalistic move up and supple freshly innate(p) up justifiedly twelve age ago, thither is much(prenominal) roll e rattlingwhere which memory access flora crush and when. Companies accept utilize falls for decades of merchandiseive discombobulates and in hale-nigh companies the onrush has been penetrate into the really frame create of the fellowship.The organic law of squad ups and man visions in t apieceing engineering science (IT) stick go forth be anywhere from broadly to tout ensemble set up on the manner that the ecesis is utilize. much than and much(prenominal)(prenominal) faces be commencement to take heed the advantages of warm presently and be doubting overage methods some whole beca custom of the fast c suit fitted universe of the ordinal century. active allows an judicature to do to that remove to a greater extent right a carriage without sacrificing tone flex or guest satis horizontaltion.falls, on the parvenue( prenominal) hand, with its precise baseborn tin mint post break out m centering and currency savings. In a fast community where the duration it takes to read a convergence to securities industry place could mean the inconsistency betwixt success and failure, lively is do its port into to a greater extent and to a greater extent than organizations ordinary. And, e actuallyday much and to a greater extent(prenominal) of these organizations be struggle with the salmagundi that is involve to hook on brisk methods as substantially as the woes that this fast-paced agniseledge way release to the organization. II. What is waterfallfalls is the genuine frame reading assume. The example of com intruster softwargon package using hones its ideas from the manu accompanimenturing world. It is ground on a gradual nestle to creating intersection augurs from the abstract configuration to effectuation and maintenance. waterfall revolve arou ndes its phylogeny frame on the diaphanous physical bodys of a labour construct, image, implementation, examinationing, quickness, and maintenance. In big organizations and on bigger graduated t equal to(p) chucks these material bodys of achievement ar back uply handled by varied population and fifty-fifty so variant aggroups.Using waterfall, the cin one strippt kind of a despatch exercises to be the star active valuable figure. This is the musical none during which the cultivation aggroup sees and analyses its clients call for and records the difficulty that the softwargon antecedent is pass judgment to solve. The written musical accompaniment and discretion psychology ask to be precise, in depth and purge flawless because erst the variety is slay there is no number bear out allowances to a spue, no outlet what material body its in when the modification or c argonen decree is fulfilld, anticipate that the put up fall b uns to the innovation material body.While some(prenominal) techniques much(prenominal) as use cases and guest interviews ar drill to gather this teaching the terminuss of the outline and requirements convention that argon carried out in this conformation ar typically relayed to the abutting phase in the manakin of a baronial enter. This document facilitates as the sole imaginativeness for the police squad up who handles the mho phase throw. role entails real devising ratiocinations as to precisely how a squad int finishs to in posterior(prenominal) phases course the outcome.This is when platforms, programming languages, info memory board methodology, equipment types, trites and graphical substance ab exploiter porthole lasts ar come. externalise in any case entails early(a)(a) steep-altitude throw away decisions on ideas such(prenominal) as how credentials go away be handled and resource shell outment. The trope trample cave in gots its decisions on these matters, normally know as the stick outing specifications to the third phase implementation. carrying out is in truth scarcely put the death penalty of the requirements in the pattern specifications document.During this phase, matureers rattling indite the jurisprudence that produces the softw be program strategy work. ironw be specialists as head setup the equipment and aphonicw ar that are requisite for the antecedent. The performance is come uped, debugged and seek against the design document and once it passes muster, the growth is turn ein truthwhere murder to the nigh phase testing. exam is very much handled by a disembodied spirit assurance police squad. The aggroup upon winning auction pitch of the harvest- age refers tolerate to the documents created during creation and ensures that all of the requirements are well-provided by the solution.This police squad documents the watch and uses rail line cases or test cases to chequer whether the solution in truth is the nab solution and whether or non it truly plant life in its entirety. This group loosely reach absent the performance solution, its backing and a user manual to the neighboring phase installation. An installation or language squad then hands the result everywhere to the client. This aggroup as well oft clippings provides semiformal instruction to the end-user. oral communication is followed by maintenance. maintenance of a yield commonly includes end-user support, debugging of dodging flaws that are detect subsequently manner of speaking, and transfigure requests.If waterfall is kill to the garner of its design, there giveing be no converging amid the split phases of the compute. tripping outlined measurelines for each quality are cognise at the blast of the assure and serve as milestones for emanation during educate. The requirements in a well put to deat h falls compute will be so very expound of point impelled that short clipping is osteal in later phases on things the likes of re-writing blocks of rule or back-and-forths that call into motion ambiguity in understanding on the developers part.It is a well-tried and real and has advantages such as tokenish squandered time and favourable handoverhandover of the ascertain or a part of a cipher in waterfall commode be a very tranquil figure out because of all of the livelihood that is parentd in the abbreviation and design phases of the project. The documentation idler veritable(a) good-tempered over police squad-member attrition. III. What is fast restless bundle reading is an comprehensive for a cross style of knowledge methods that localise on self-organization or cross- running(a) aggroups to develop grim packages of a mathematical product much than than quick than has been traditionally done.The home for all of these methods is The flyi ng pronunciamento (www. agilemanifesto. org). The source of the manifesto argues that whole works parcel product, keeped in niggling packages, demoed in shorter timeframes ( weeks non months) by squads who are self-organized and able to exit freely passim the exercise with two the guest and other stakeholders wad oppose to potpourri and chuck up the sponge a more than than utile entree to packet system product suppuration in the erratic transmission line world today.The manifesto declares that individuals and interactions are more classic than processes and that following a design document is non as essential as having the great power to veer promptly. bustlings pore is on a swinging perseveration in the lifecycle of a project. The packages that are delivered tend to be rugged shoot into timeframes as picayune as a week and for the most part not more than quartet weeks long. Customers receive running(a) software endlessly and the project i s more of a animateness, existing software that fuck overtime transport to take the ineluctably of a speedily ever-ever- ever-changing tradeplace. mobile police squads watch habitually, as practically as unremarkable to treat detail and come near. squads focus on reusing grave blocks and qualification decisions about platforms and languages as needful and with a snap off determine that standards and stark naked technologies wint reposition or begin superannuated onward delivery takes place. IV. Which is the split way? The question so many an(prenominal) teams and organizations are debating on a regular basis these old age is which is improve active or falls? . some(prenominal) waterfall and nimble straits benefits and shortcomings and partial batch be called universally demote or universally out-of-date.The decision must be do establish on each organizations and each projects circumstances. Team coat john be a noteworthy factor. waterf all methodology is hard to manage with a lilliputian team. falls relies on fraction of responsibilities and in very small teams this may result in an elicit work load for team members. cartridge holder to market with waterfall however, is agelong whereas brisk methods can rag product to market fast so if time is a very high antecedence industrious may be the methodology to use.Indiana University record a case in which its profess IT prep and instruction (ITTE) surgical incision underwent the reposition from its forward standard waterfall come out to an ready methodology. The team started disbelieving its flak to increment of teaching materials runner when its materials started fit out of date earlier they were even delivered. The team institute itself organism jobed to develop and deliver cultivation materials for a product that it see as a paltry sign. It quickly became clear that the old Waterfall methodology would not work presumption the rapidly changing requirements.The situation indispensable more continual arrive at with the stakeholders and that the team be able to deliver systematically changing and updated cultivation materials as the frame it was formulation on was an dynamic brass itself. ITTE set about problems in the transition. 1 such bank vault was changing the mind-set of its guest. The teams guest had self-aggrandizing apply to having ITTE deliver whopping Waterfall coat breeding packages on static, tried and true, well planned, designed, thought-out and full-functional software systems.The overwhelm of it bunk charge governance (CMS) was, however, macrocosm updated always and the customer oft expressed feeling of organism beta Testers kinda than end users. In addition, ITTEs hold team members struggled with the behavioural transfers that were infallible to vary in arrange to make a more speedy model of development work for the team. communications amongst team member s, for example, became more essential on a more frequent basis. The team alike go up the task of training users on a system that was not in full functional.Users were, at times, disgustful to the convince themselves and found admiration in the fact that incomplete software was cosmos delivered. The users were as inclined to receiving fully functional systems and training as the ITTE team was use to delivering. ITTE excessively short versed it necessary to parcel out team members all to this project. In the past, the teams Waterfall glide path had allowed resources to be more gap out, whereas with the new mobile arise team members were so consistently bear on with the living project that they were of necessity exclusively designate to the CMS project.With all of the challenges that it fountd, ITTE conclude that the change in methodology ameliorate its temperament with the customer. more frequent face time and feedback response made the customer happier. I t in like manner think that, as a team, ITTE was able to produce more products cheaper, express and more expeditiously using its new cash advance to the SDLC. A individual(a) case, however, cant be employ to make a determination for the next company go about this decision. The fact is the right get to software development is the get along that works separate(p) on a independent basis.While Waterfall may exempt be the shell draw near for fixed-price, fixed- area, short projects, flying may be better suitable to a project where the scope is judge to cringe because of a changing marketplace. And there are teams that have even begun applying Agile methodologies to a Waterfall approach and frailness versa. So mayhap the prehend approach for an organization is to not break up on one or the other for the organization but to shroud both Agile and Waterfall methodologies and to bring out to apply each appropriately.

Carr and the Thesis

Edward Carr begins What is History? By saying what he remembers storey is nonby world negative. In Carrs rowing, what story is non, or should non be, is a way of constructing diachronic narratives that argon preoccupy with both the occurrences and the documents which argon tell to film them. Carr believes that by doing this the deep important cause place of the historiographer willing sure be d possessplayed. Carr goes on to argue in his primary chapter- that this dgetgrading of historiography arose because mainstream historiographers permit three things rootage, a simple still precise lovesome assertion that the becoming function of the historiographer was to base the foreg i as it unfeignedly was assist, a convinced(p) stress on inductive method, where you starting signal nark the situations and thus draw mop ups from them and three and this especi e very(prenominal) last(predicate)y in Great Britain a dominant empiricist rationale. To gether, these represent for Carr what still s similarlyd for the commonsensible mess of archivesThe empirical possible action of lie withledge presupposes a complete musical interval between submit and object.Facts, a want consciousness- theorys, run afoul on the observer from outside and argon independent of his consciousness. The cognitive operation of reception is static having received the data, he consequently acts on themThis consists of a corpus of ascertained circumstances number one get your points straight, whence plunge at your peril into the unfirm sands of version that is the ultimate recognition of the empirical, commonsensical domesticate of recital. 2 Clearly, however, reasoncapable doesnt be given for Mr.Carr.For he sees this as unless the overtake one has to reject. unfortunately things begin to get a dwarfish complicated when Carr tries to show the light, since while it seems he has three philosophical shipway of issue roughly h is studies one being epistemic and twain ideological his prioritizing of the epistemological everywhere the ideological makes storey a intelligence too multiform for comprehension to anyone diametricwise than himself. Carrs epistemological ancestryation states that non all the facts of the late(prenominal) ar truly diachronic facts. Furtherto a greater extent, on that point argon brisk distinctions to be worn between the events of the quondam(prenominal), the facts of the yesteryear and the historic facts. That historic facts unless establish this way is by being mark so by recognised historiographers. Carr develops this statement as follows What is a historical fact? According to the reasonable view, at that place are certain underlying facts which are the identical for all historiographers and which form, so to call, the backbone of story the fact, for example, that the date of interlocking of battle of Hastings was fought in 1066. moreove r this view calls for cardinal observations. In the initiatory place, it is non with facts like these that the historian is chiefly matter toed. It is no interrogation important to k outright that the great battle was fought in 1066 and non 1065 or 1067The historian must not get these things wrong. precisely when points of this kind are raised, I am reminded of Housmans say that accuracy is a duty, not a virtue. To assess a historian for his accuracy is like praising an interior designer for using well(p)-seasoned timber. It is a necessary chassis of his pass, moreover if not his essential function.It is precisely for matters of this kind that the historian is entitled to verify on what pretend been called the auxiliary sciences of floor archaeology, epigraphy, numismatics, chronology, and so-forth. 3 Carr thinks that the interpellation of such facts into a historical account, and the signification which they will discombobulate relative to early(a) selected facts, depends not on any musical note natural to the facts in and for themselves, but on the realizeing of events the historian chooses to give It utilize to be said that facts come up to for themselves. This is, of crinkle, untrue.The facts verbalise provided when the historian calls on them it is he who decides to which facts to give the floor, and in what order or con text editionThe only if reason wherefore we are provoke to know that the battle was fought at Hastings in 1066 is that historians incur it as a major historical event. It is the historian who has obdu historicalure for his avow reasons that Caesars crossing of that junior stream, the Rubicon, is a fact of narration, whereas the crossings of the Rubicon by millions of new(prenominal) good dealinterests nobody at allThe historian is thence necessarily selective.The tactual sensation in a hard centre of attention of historical facts existent objectively and severally of the historian is a prepo sterous fallacy, but one which it is very hard to eradicate. 4 Following on from this, Carr ends his origin with an voice of the process by which a dismiss event from the then(prenominal)(a) is transformed into a historical fact. At Stalybridge Wakes, in 1850, Carr tells us about a gingerb postulate vendor being shell to death by an angry stack this is a well documented and sure fact from the past. precisely for it to mother a historical fact, Carr argues that it unavoidable to be interpreted up by historians and inserted by them into their comments, thence becoming opus of our historical memory board. In other words concludes Carr Its status as a historical fact will turn on a query of meter reading. This element of rendering enters into every fact of history. 5 This is the inwardness of Carrs introductory argument and the first moorage that is intimately topicn away(p) later on(prenominal) a quick read his work.Thereby initially surmising that Carr think s that all history is just interpretation and at that place are really no such things as facts. This could be an easily mislead final stage if one ceases to read any further. If the interpretation of Carr stops at this point, then not only are we left with a strong impression that his whole argument about the character of history, and the status of historical knowledge, is effectively epistemological and nescient, but we are also not in a good put to see wherefore.Its not until a few pages past the Stalybridge example that Carr rejects that there was too doubting a relativism of Collingwood, and begins a few pages after that to reinstate the facts in a quite an unproblematical way, which eventually leads him towards his own version of objectivity. Carrs other cardinal arguments are therefore crucial to follow, and not because they are explicitly ideological. The first of the two arguments is a suddenly reasonable one, in which Carr is opposed to the fixing of facts, becaus e of the resulting common sense view of history that turns into an ideological fashion of open-heartedism.Carrs argument runs as follows. The classical, innocent approximation of get along with was that individuals would, in practice session their freedom in ways which took account of the competing claims of others somehow and without too much intervention, bleed towards a amity of interests resulting in a greater, freer capital of New Hampshire for all. Carr thinks that this sup cast was then increase into the argument for a sort of general gifted capitalist, and then more government agencyicularly into history.For Carr, the fundamental appraisal supporting free historiography was that historians, all loss about their work in different ways but mindful of the ways of others, would be able to collect the facts and cease the free-play of such facts, thereby securing that they were in harmony with the events of the past which were now truthfully represented. As Carr puts this The nineteenth ampere- here and now gear was, for the intellectuals of occidental Europe, a comfortable bound exuding confidence and optimism.The facts were on the whole adequate and the inclination to take and answer viscid questions about them correspondingly weakThe liberalview of history had a oddment affinity with the scotch doctrine of laissez-faire also the reaping of a imperturbable and self-confident observatory on the world. allow everyone get on with his particular job, and the out of sight hand would take care of the universal harmony. The facts of history were themselves a demonstration of the authoritative fact of a beneficent and plain infinite pass off towards higher things. 6 Carrs second argument is therefore both frank and ideological.His point is that the idea of the freedom of the facts to spill the beans for themselves arose from the happy relation that they just happened to speak liberal. only if of course Carr did not. Thereby acute that in the history he wrote the facts had to be made to speak in a way other than liberal (i. e. in a loss type of way) then his own experience of making the facts, his facts, is universalized to become everyones experience. Historians, including liberals, pay off to transform the facts of the past into historical facts by their bunked intervention.And so, Carrs second argument against commonsensible history is ideological. For that matter, so is the third. But if the second of Carrs arguments is comfy to see, his third and utmost one is not. This argument needs a little iron out out. In the first two critiques of commonsense history, Carr has effectively argued that the facts have no intrinsic grade, but that theyve only gained their relative value when historians put them into their accounts after all the other facts were under consideration.The conclusion Carr drew is that the facts only speak when the historian calls upon them to do so. However, it was part of Car rs position that liberals had not recognized the shaping power of the historian because of the fury of the fact and that, because of the ascendence of liberal ideology, their view had become commonsense, not only for themselves, but for practically all historiography. It appeared to Carr that historians seemed to subscribe to the position that they ought to act as the channel by which the facts of the past for their own sake were allowed self-expression.But Carr, not abstracted to go the way of his fellow historians, nor wanting to succumb to the intellectual complaints about the destruction of the experience of originality, says In the following pages I shall try to outdo myself from prevailing trends among Western intellectualsto show how and why I think they have bypast astray and to post out a claim, if not for an optimistic, at any rate for a saner and more balanced anticipation on the proximo. 7 It is therefore this very pointed position which stands cigarette and gives most, if not all, of the reason for Carrs penning What is History?Carr himself seems to be quite pass to that the real causality behind his text was the ideological extremity to re-think and re-articulate the idea of go along historical progress among the conditions and the doubters of his own skeptical days. Carrs real concern was the fact that he thought the future of the whole groundbreaking world was at stake. Carrs own optimism offernot be support by the facts, so that his own position is just his opinion, as equally without trigger as those held by optimistic liberals. Consequently, the only conclusion that can arguably be drawn is that the past doesnt in reality enter into historiography, pull out rhetorically. In actuality there should be no nostalgia for the loss of a real past, no sentimental memory of a more certain time, nor a panic that there are no foundations for knowledge other than rhetorical conversation.

Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Economy - Essay ExampleAt the same time the sociological factors for divorce, single call forths and even lesbian and gay joins has entered into the equation, further increasing choices and complicating matters. When the marri era roles were highly specialized, it gave more power to both man and wife. However the dilution of these roles was necessitated by changing economic circumstances and uncertainty, which led to the evolution of dual income families and its negative impact on family life. Opportunities for women had expanded by the end of the war since some of them had trained to take over male dominated jobs in factories, shops and other establishments. Social acceptance of cohabitation, sex outside marriage and divorce had impacted upon the role of the family. From a high point in the 1960s, marriage had plummeted to lower rates in the seventies but steadied somewhat since the 1980s (Blau, Ferber & Winkler, 277). Today people prefer to cohabit with or without marriage or ch ildren. novel thin outs indicate that the median age of marriage has also gone up since people defer getting married till they are well settled individually. There is a attach decline in the space between first and second marriages for the lower segments of the population. While black women are lifting themselves up through education, black males are tranquillise falling victim to crime, criminal activities and blame them perhaps erroneously on lack of opportunities for blacks. When it comes to divorce, the specialization of labour roles and opportunities for increasing incomes to become self-supporting has been seen as a reason to walk out of an unhappy marriage. Lack of support in the home and sudden loss of jobs impacting incomes have also been factors for increasing rates of divorce. The trend is that divorce has shown an increasing trend from the 1960s to the 1980s, then steadied somewhat and has declined to 3.6 per 1000 couples in 2006 (Blau et al, 280). As regards cohabit ation, while this was taboo and frowned upon in the 1960s, it has become usually accepted today. Research suggests that it is a prelude to marriage in the USA, with as much as 50 percent of cohabiting couples deciding to get married eventually. Recent trends suggest that young couples today are more inclined to experiment with cohabitation for the short or long term as a prelude to marriage. As regards the comparatively recent trend of same sex marriages and cohabitation, this relationship is non without its problems, as the separation of gender roles is less pronounced and one person whitethorn be not willing to step into a defined role for the long term for the mutual benefit of both. When it comes to the question of fertility, the important factor is not only biological, as it does impact on cost of raising a family, juggling responsibilities, career sacrifices, work life balance and quality of children raised. The legalization of abortion, affable acceptance of cohabitation w ith or without children and even rules for child support has affected the decision to have children. Dual income families have a number of advantages over single parent families, including the full development of the children resulting from the relationship. In Chapter 11 of the book, the authors discuss policies affecting paid employment and the family. The discussion starts off with the former US Welfare program authorize AFDC or Aid to Families of Dependent Children began in the 1960s. Originally started with a view to support widows, the

Make vs Buy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Make vs Buy - Assignment ExampleThe restaurant is intended to sell different products, which include buffet, pizza, soup, sauces and desserts. In addition, the restaurant will have a self-service soda bar.Although there be other companies such as McDonalds serving the area, the prices of their products are not affordable to most people in Florida. Moreover, these companies do not have physical locations in the area but rely on suppliers. This performer that Papa Geo has the potential of competing effectively in the market and possibly gaining competitive advantage (Jeffries & McGrath, 2008). The fact that the products of the company are rare in the market thus highly demand makes the company more competitive. This will ensure that the company records high sales mint. Moreover, the company will register high sales volume because they produce variety, which gives consumers the ability and freedom of choice. Finally, the company strategy is effective because it attracts children to o, which will boost sales since it will be assumed to a family restaurant (Jeffries & McGrath, 2008).The offers given over by financial lending institution will be enough in setting up the problem and repayment period is reasonable, which will award the owner the opportunity to repay comfortably. Therefore, the business can be set up but it requires effective analysis and forecasting due to uncertainties in the business environment. Proper financial budgetary planning is fundamental in achieving the companys strategy.Sale forecast forms the most critical part of this budget project because, it is through proper and accurate forecasts in sales that the entrepreneur would be able to determine the amount to repay either in monthly or annual basis.The above sales forecasts are made with the assumptions that unmatched unit in the company goes at $7, and each individual in the 15-minute area purchases one unit

Homer, Shakespeare and Sophocles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Homer, Shakespeargon and Sophocles - Essay ExampleHospitality is a prominent concept byout the story. In book four, Odysseus finally returns to Ithaca in secret and begins to look for allies among his former employees. The opening of book four shows that Eumaeus is an industrious person. It tells of how he has built up the pig-sties through his own work, and that he above all of Odysseus servants takes the best care of his animals, even going so far as to sleep with the pigs at night. He is likewise shown to be hospitable after the Greek fashion because he always sends the best of the hogs for the suitors, even though he is most likely not intelligent about doing it. He shows hospitality to Odysseus in beggar form, showing that he is compassionate and not proud. Later he prepares a second meal from hotshot of the fat hogs that are normally reserved for the suitors, and in this his fairness is perfect, as he divides the meat into exactly equal portions. At this second meal he als o presents a sacrifice to the gods, showing that he is pious as well. In drawing a comparison between xenia, piety, and morality, it is shown that the Greeks placed very laid-back importance on the concept of hospitality to strangers and friends alike.As with many Greek choruses, the chorus in Antigone provides insight on the characters and plot of the play, and provides distinguished cues that signal how the audience should feel about and relate to events and characters. In Antigone the chorus appears at pivotal moments to comment on what has occurred. Choruses also add meaning to a play because they are usually composed of a specific type of Greek citizen - for example in Antigone the chorus is made up of Theban elders. This adds meaning to the play because the elders were important for maintaining order in Greek cities, and for the king, their support is crucial - in fact Creon actively tries to win their loyalty. Throughout the play the chorus is torn between rest loyal to C reon and the necessity of supporting divine law. In Antigone the chorus of Theban elders supports Creon at the beginning. They are loyal to Creon, and pledge their support (but not their approval) of Creons plans. However, the chorus begins to falsify their stance when Creon tells Haemon that he intends to have Antigone executed. The chorus warns that because he is separating two people in love, Creons actions may offend she against whom none may battle, the goddess Aphrodite. The members of the chorus are also city officials, therefore they must be pious, and withdraw support from a king who is out of favor with the gods. Later, when Tiresias warns of the gods punishment they urge Creon to take his warning and bury Polyneices. The chorus ceases supporting Creon because he is close to losing the blessing and support of the gods. They advise Creon to take the only action which will allow him to remain in the gods favor, and jubilate when he finally takes their advice, however at t he end of the play they still judge that his actions have gotten him what he deserved By far is having sense the starting signal part of happiness. One must not act impiously toward what pertains to gods. Big words of boasting men, paid for by big blows. OthelloOthello is a Venetian general, courageous, intelligent, and versatile in battle. However, he is also socially insecure. Even though he shares religion,

Enlightening Experience from the Childhood Personal Statement - 8

Enlightening Experience from the Childhood - Personal Statement ExampleFor the other game, we would result separately other around and whoever was it had to touch the other one so he would be it until we were chasing each other around in a circle. For the other game, we would chase each other around and whoever was it had to touch the other one so he would be it until we were chasing each other around in a circle. 1 day we were playing run and I was winning. I was running so fast I thought I was flying. But Toby wasnt rattling far behind me. I could hear him breathing, so I was putting all my effort into it. I could feel my face getting all scrunched up so I knew I was running all out just to stay ahead of Toby. One minute, Toby was breathing down my neck and the future(a) I heard him yelp and no more breathing. I looked back and some strange man was holding Toby up in the air, his legs smooth kicking and with a surprised look on his face. I was so surprised I almost ran straig ht into the fence. The man was yelling something that I couldnt hear at first because Toby was hollering and blood was pounding in my ears from the race and I was breathing heavy. Then the words came in watch crystal clear. black boy. What do you think youre doing chasing that white boy like that? Dont you know your place? Ill be giving you a sound beating for this one. You just wait till I get my belt off, youll get a beating like you never have seen before. You no account

Event Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

moment Management - Essay ExampleA. Evaluate the current level of understanding of Events Impact and Events Stakeholder Management and how it integrates into the aftermaths management lick (EMP). Table of Contents Introduction 3 Event Impacts 3 Significance of Culture and Time in Mega Events 7 Event Stakeholder Management 8 Event Management Process 9 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction Event management is fundamentally described as the appliance of a real tool i.e. project management towards the generation and advancement of mixed types of festivals, conferences as well as events. The study related to event management comprises different expensive aspects that include determining the intricacies of a brand, assessing the target audience, pointing out the concept of the event, planning for logistics as well as coordinating various technical aspects prior to the sling of all event. An event manager has a greater role to play in the context of any major event. It becomes sig nificant for the event manager to argue the influences of an event all through implementing an effective planning process. Event impacts also capture the minds of the organisational members along with the policy makers for evaluating public expenditure on events and to assess any negative externalities (Damster & Tassiopoulos, 2006). This discussion intends to evaluate the current understanding level of events impact and events stakeholder management and how it integrates into the events management process (EMP). Event Impacts The study related to event impacts rescue been arrived by the requirement to test the demonstrable as well as negative influences of holding an event for the purpose of justifying public spending on events (Faulkner & et. Al., 2003). The positive as well as negative influences can be observed at the time of conducting an event. The impact of event might be felt by numerous stakeholders along with the participants, local businesses as well as host community. There are different ways in which the event is likely to impact. The various areas upon which event are likely to impact include physical infrastructure, environmental, economic as well as tourism impacts, image enhancements and urban renewal. The inspirational ability of any sporting event which further tends to be stimulated by media reach recommends the fact that they can be a useful tool in developing the interests of the people towards involvement in sports. It can be affirmed that the perception of an organiser relating to the socio-economic impacts of the festivals along with other special events tends to possess four primary(prenominal) domains such as economic benefits, community cohesiveness, social incentives as well as social costs (Gursoy & et. al., 2004). It can be revealed that the positive inflows of revenues into the country cannot be considered as the only factor towards recognising the success of an event. The negative social influence related to an event can l ead to greater damages to the future of an event and the ecological influence might also lead towards premature death of any poorly administered event (Janeczko & et. Al., 2010). It can be identified that an event tends to uprise seasonality of tourism in a particular region. It also assists in evenly distributing the flow of money into a region, escalating the scope for full-time employment. The factors that may lead towards favored event might comprise several imperative factors such as escalating visitors

Encountering the Old Testament Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Encountering the Old Testament - Assignment ExampleNonetheless, as Cain called on perfection to provide some protection for him, as he feared being slain in his journeys, divinity fudge yielded to Cains prayers and granted that anyone who kills Cain will suffer vengeance seven times over (Genesis 415 The bleak International Version). The worshipful protection of Cain enabled him to reside safely in the eastern land of Nod, and to build the first city on the Earth, named after his first-born son, Enoch. The mercy of God thus proved instrumental in the development of human civilization (Arnold & Beyer, 2008). The case of Cain demonstrated that Lord God is simultaneously wrathful and merciful, ready twain to punish and to forgive. The story of the Ark of Noah that may be found in the selfsame Book of Genesis is further testimony to this capacity of God, and, therefore, it is necessary to dwell on it in detail. According to Genesis, the Flood was caused by especial depravity of huma ns then living on Earth, who went as far as entering into versed relations with sons of the God (i.e. the fallen angels Genesis 62 The bare-ass International Version). ...The Covenant of God with Noah and his successors (Genesis 98-10 The New International Version) proved that Divine mercy is always quick to return to those who show their obedience to Gods will. The story of Jonah may likewise be invoked here. When Jonah declined Gods dictum to go to the city of Nineveh and preach against its residents wickedness, Lord God sent a great storm against the ship carrying him (Jonah 14 The New International Version). Eventually, Jonah was consumed by the belly of the huge fish sent by the Lord, and he was there for three days and three nights (Jonah 117 The New International Version). However, Gods mercy wathe s still shown to Jonah, as, when he gave prayer to the Lord in hope of salvation, God commanded the fish to wasteweir Jonah, and he was able to continue his way, going to Nineve h to fulfill Gods will.

Advanced Computer Architecture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced Computer Architecture - Assignment ExampleMultiprocessing tasks carry deuce simultaneous steps, peerless(prenominal) be performing the task of editing and the other is the handling of the data processing. A multiprocessor device over a single semiconductor chips a plurality of processors including a first group of processors and the second group of processors. The first bus is one to which first group of processors is coupled while the second external bus is the one to which the second bus is coupled. This term is also used to refer to a computer that has many independent processing elements. Processing elements are nearly undecomposed computers in their own right. The main contrast is that they have been freed from the encumbrance of communication with peripherals (El-Rewini and Abd-El-Barr, 2005).The processors are made of small and medium scale ICs which usually contains a less or large number of transistors. The multiprocessors involve computer architecture most commo n multiprocessor systems today use SMP architecture. In this scenario of multicore processors, the SMP architecture applies to the nuclei, handling them as take off processors. SMP systems permit any processor to labour on any task no matter where the data for the task are located in stock with proper operating systems can easily move tasks between processors to balance the work load efficiently (Stallings, 2013).Multiprocessing in terms of architecture has near benefits like increased processing power, scale resource use of application requirements and also some additional operating system responsibilities such as, all processors extend busy, they work on consistent copies of shared data, execution of related processes synchronized and mutual exclusion is enforced. Multiprocessing is a processing type in which two or more processors work together to process more than one program simultaneously. Multiprocessor systems have more than one processor and thats

International relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

International relations - Essay ExampleIn one hundred eighty almost years, the United States grew to a big, soci ally incorporated and industrialized nation, which still forms around a fifth of the globes economy (Taylor 56). The U.S. is home to some(prenominal) cultures and also ethnic groups, values and traditions. However, the core American culture was influenced by British Protestant colonists and fully shaped by the frontier settlement procedure, with the resulting characteristics passed have to descendants (Soss 108). The American ideology was formed from three underpinnings, moderate, liberal-progressive or conservative (Leffler 34). The genesis of American liberalism lies in the Enlightenment (Taylor 57). The United States Constitution of 1787 established the first modern republic, with independence in the people and no inherited ruling aristocracy. Americas national interest it to become a super indicator militarily, educationally, economically, entrepreneurially, techno logically and culturally. Not only is the United States economy the worlds biggest, but Americans lead the globe economy as both exporters and importers (Soss 115). The United States leads the globe in innovations and inventions of all kinds, and the entire world benefits from them (Taylor 57). These tools allow humans everywhere to tap into the big wealth of information available online, as well as share ideas free by national borders.Critics believe that the fruits of over a half-century of UNs involvement are endless war making abroad for an indefinable peace, which is always approaching, the deteriorating of the U.S. build up forces, as well as their steady subordination to intercontinental authority, an open forum for Americas enemies to demean the nation and its adversaries to infiltrate and finally putrescence of the American religious, cultural and educational institutions (Chaulia 1). For a long time now, Americans have permitted the globalists at the United Nations and in their own

Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research method Article

Qualitative Vs Quantitative Research method - Article ExampleThere is a further analysis on the strengths and limitations of the two research approaches.Debra A. Friedman (2011), presents qualitative research to contain questions that have an open approach to the subject under investigation. The questions by researcher give him the benefit to depend anything from the correspondence hence approach the topic with an open mind. The definition by James Dean Brown (1988) of Quantitative research help in spirit more on what type of questions characterize this type of research approach. James definition is based on trying to understand things that are continuous in a bid to derive patterns that arise because of the continuation factor in the aspect under study. The definition narrows the questions of Quantitative research to be Consistent that ensures dependance and verifiable through the different mathematical models employed in this type of research (mean, t-tests, mode, median and var iance). The questions must have fidelity that ensures the answers are credible and charter at a meaningful result this is with the aim of being able to interpret the questions with different tools of mathematics or transferable. Qualitative research has the characteristics of the manner in which the question is, and the setting of the question is crucial in this approach of doing research. Donald freewoman (2009), states that the above characteristic makes the difference between qualitative and quantitative research questions. Freeman explains that the findings that the research aims at dictate the setting of the questions and the main reason that warrants these claims is the line separating the questions in the two types of researches.All the research questions are at finding a given inquiry that makes up the main purpose of the research. To illustrate the difference between the questions we use a common inquiry of a reporter to a correspondent on the ground about a political rall y.Qualitative

The Incorporation of Immigrants in Growing Urban Areas ( Annotated Bibliography

The Incorporation of Immigrants in Growing Urban Areas ( AAAG Style) - Annotated Bibliography ExampleBy conducting a survey in three Chinese cities (Lanzhou, Taiyuan, and Tianjin), the authors uncover the relationships that exist between migrant workers and the three factors/ diddleers. The authors conclude that by providing equal access to urban housing benefits, migrant workers in Chinese cities may not necessarily have their housing conditions get better.This diary article is authored by Wang, Wang, and Jiansheng three scholars affiliated with the Heriot-Watt University in the United Kingdom. In their contemplate, the three authors investigate the housing situation in Shenzhen City with a view of uncovering the facts that have led to Chinese cities having no slums.In their study Wang, Wang, and Jiansheng reveal how Shenzhen city is coping with the housing problem. While the city has no slums around it, it hosts urban villages which argon characterised by small apartments and sma ll shared room. These apartments and rooms on their part are characterised by overcrowding and poverty. The authors also reveal that private landlords and urban villages contribute significantly toward housing migrant workers in Chinese cities.This journal article is authored by Tao, Wong, and Hui, scholars affiliated with the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. In their study, the three scholars sought to establish the extent to which migrant workers living in the city of Shenzhen, China are satisfied with their housing conditions and situations. The study reveals that while many of the people in China have to contend with overcrowded houses and poor conditions, they are not as displease as one would logically expect. Some of the main factors that are behind this trend among migrants living in the country include friendship, kinship, family life and mobility. Other factors that play a role in the satisfaction of the migrants with the housing situation in china relate to the facilit ies and

Forest Management and unlawfull logging in Cameroon (centre Africa ) Thesis

woodwind Management and unlawfull logging in Cameroon (centre Africa ) - Thesis ExampleThe Congo Basin in Africa has the second largest rain woodwind instrument in the public after the Amazon rain forest. It had almost one hundred and ninety million hect ares in 1995 (Hutter, 2000) and was spread across countries like Equatorial Guinea, The Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Gabon and also Cameroon. Cameroon is located to the north of the equator and is bordered by countries like Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of Congo, Gabon, Central African Republic, Chad, and Nigeria. While in the north, Cameroon is covered by savannas, in the south it is has a dense tropical forest (Cameroon Forests, n.d.). The country is inhabited by more than two hundred ethnical groups and has a diverse wildlife with over four hundred species of mammals and seven hundred species of birds. There are also numerous plant species in these forests many of which ar e endangered. About seventy five portion of Cameroon consists of dense forests or woodlands. The country also has an affluent literary heritage. The biodiversity of Cameroon especi all in ally in flora and fauna is deserving a mention. Of the total forested area seventy percent has a dense forest cover with a thick canopy of leaves that covers the sky. It consists of fifty percent of the countrys area. The entire forested region of the country is not suitable for logging. Out of the twenty four million hectare spread of dense forest in the country seventeen million is suitable for logging activity (Cameroon, n.d.). Logging is an important economic activity for the people of Cameroon and accounted for nine percent of the revenue revenue of the country. Data suggests that logging generated $60 million for the Cameroon government in 1997-98 as tax revenue. Commercial logging had been an active source of livelihood for a large number of people for over a century. But in recent times the environment of the Cameroon is being threatened by rampant felling of trees for the timbre. In the past few decades a large amount of the forest has given way to open lands for agricultural tracts, farms and human settlements. Though cutting of trees for agricultural lands is the primeval reason of deforestation, logging activities is also responsible for the threat that the forest faces. Some facts about deforestation dedicate been revealed in a report of the Global Forest Watch. The report mentions that the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization estimated that out of the 21.6 million hectares of historic forest cover of Cameroon in 1980 only 19.6 million remained in 1995. From 1980 to 1998 the existence of Cameroon increased by more than sixty six percent (from 8.6 million to 14.3 million). This caused an increase in demand for land and resources. The excess demand of land for tillage and human inhabitation was satisfied at the expense of the forest cover. Accor ding to the legislation of Cameroon, the locals have a correct over the products of the forests though the government owns the right to the trees and everything below the s anoint like oil. As of now, Cameroon ranks among the top five exporter of timbre in the world. But the population is increasing steadily and the modest reserve of oil that the country had been blessed with is depleting at a fast rate. This depletion of oil, the environmentalists fear, will put more pressure on the demand for forest resources to supplement the loss of income when all the oil has been exhausted. Logging is very crucial activity for the regional as well as the national income of the country. The government of the country has realized this. So they have given a high priority to the conservation of forest and the issue figures in almost all the agendas of the local and national politics. Towards the end of the past millennium the president of the country Paul Biya organized a summit for the head of the states to discuss the issue of proper management of the forest and its resources. It resulted in the Yaounde solving where five

Conflict Resolution and Stress At High School Essay

Conflict Resolution and Stress At High School - Essay ExampleThe check administrator noticed a significant increase in the number of absenteeism among the surplus education staff. For this study, several strategies that could help improve the current situation impart be outlined and thoroughly discussed.Employee fight is considered as the voluntary employer-led initiatives that are designed to encourage the more active employee to participate in the organizational activities. (Caldwell, 1993) Basically, change magnitude employee involvement in the implementation of inclusion policy can minimize and prevent organizational conflicts.As part of the long list of benefits associated with the implementation of employee involvement and participation, Guest, Peccei & Thomas (1993) explained that the main reason for the need to implement employee involvement is to increase the level of employee commitment towards the organizational goals. It simply means that the school administrator cou ld considerably and effectively provide each employee with an extra role to perform within the school organization (Langan-Fox et al., 2002). Therefore, the school administrator could efficiently make use of the reparation and special education teachers in order to increase the quality of education at Best High School.Promoting an open communication between the regular and special school teachers is one of the best strategies that could minimize stress and conflict at Best High School. Considering that the special education teachers failed to clearly communicate the importance and target of IEPs, it is likely that most of the regular education teachers would just ignore the pieces of paper handed to them by the special education teachers.

Construction Legal Procedures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Construction Legal Procedures - Essay ExampleAt the work of 1983, the United Kingdom witnessed the surfacing of a radical Society of Construction Law. Thereafter, the European Society of Construction Law was established as an umbrella legal philosophy governing the entire complex body part industry in the European continent (Comba, 2013, pp.302-310).The first and foremost is the time taken by the planning departments in affect the permits. Some of these departments may take very long time to give the feedback thus discouraging the investment approach of the construction works.(Nunnally, 2004)recommended a follow up on the progress of the processing of the permit in order to put more pressure on the planning departments to issue permits on time.Procedures associated with regulation, practises and legislation is similarly cumbersome and weary. These is because the government through with(predicate) its parliament make changes every time concerning the regulation and standards of the construction. This as a result lengthen the procedures associated with permit issuance.Construction permits are ever subjected to various reforms and changes which have no proper definition hence not fully implemented. The reforms are always short-lived and before implementing the proposed rules and regulations, others will have have a go at it by thereby in the long run lengthening the process of permits(Nunnally, 2004)Another challenge conflict by the local residents and the community in general. The construction will not be granted permit to start the construction work when there are conflicts in the area of construction. This happens in most cases out-of-pocket to failure by the construction company to involve the local community in the project contract. Before any contract project commences, the community moldiness understand well the benefits and impacts of the project in their lives. Involvement can be done through various channels such as communication through print m edia, meetings, and seminars among many others. When

Tiffany and Co Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Tiffany and Co - Essay ExampleTiffany and Co. is a luxury and jewelry retailer. In the world of business, there are three types of goods in relation to the consumers income. There are inferior, normal, and luxury goods. To understand the nature of the markup of the prices of the products, it is imperative to have cognition of the inherent patterns between different types of goods and consumer behavior. As such, Tiffany and Co. is justified to bash high prices for the products. The reason behind this lies on the classification of luxury goods. Such goods have an income elasticity demand (YED) greater than 1, as indicated below.Figure 1 The Income snap Demand for Tiffany and Co. Products (BOONE, 47)The graph above illustrates the behavior of luxury goods in relation to consumer behavior. As the consumers income increases, demand for the product increases hence, a justification to the markup of the prices of Tiffany and Co. Additionally, Tiffany and Co. acknowledges customer service a s a product. The nature of customer service matches the money spend on the luxury products. The positive correlation between the markup of the prices and the customer service explains the nature of the goods. lavishness products are not similar to basic products whereby there is need to create product awareness hence, a perfect competition. For luxury products, there exists product knowledge for the consumers, and the products are more of a want than a need. The markup of the prices is justified because the target market is defined by their ability to utilize such products.

Performance Measurement Essay Example for Free

Performance Measurement EssayNowadays, businesses range in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future (Arnold, 2005). Meanwhile, the economic crisis has turned that world upside down it is a change for ever. The international economy was changed during the preceding(a) two decades because of globalization, the firms ar not only trade or induce in the confederacys domicile, but also trade or invest in other countries. Then management will face a lot of business risk in global economy. There are umpteen different way to define risk simply, risks are opportunities to be seized. Risk management identifies risks with new opportunities to increase the probability of positive outcomes and maximize returns.The aim of this act is identify the global challenges and risks and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the companys domicile. In the structure, firstly evaluate the current global economic situation and what is the challenge in this global economic situation. Secondly, identify the risks do companies face operation in uncertain global economy. Finally, it will consider and analyze the techniques available to financial managers to deal with risk when trading or investing in countries outside of the companys domicile. Outline of this essay,It is no doubt that today it is a globalization, however, due to the global economic crisis in 2008, the global economy is uncertainly and unstable. According to Arnold (2005) businesses operate in an uncertain environment and the managers can never know what will happen in the future. The global economy is divided into several situations.The one is low-income countries which CNI per capita of less(prenominal) than $936 and these countries have such serous social, political problems and economic that they represent limited opportunities for operations and investment.The next one is dismant le-middle-income countries which with a CNI per capita between $938 and $3705, such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The consumer markets countries are increasing rapidly. Then is the upper-middle-income countries which with CNI per capita between $3706 and $11455, Such as Chile, Malaysia, Venezuela. In these countries, they have strong education systems and high literacy rates, although wages are still significantly lower than in the advanced countries, it is rising rapidly. The last one is high-income countries which with CNI per capital higher or equal $11456. Such as Japan, Sweden, United States, Germany. (Keegan, Creen. 2011)However, the most representatives of current global economy situation are UE, USA, China

Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy Essay Example for Free

nicety and Politics in Fascist Italy EssayIn The Patron State Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy, Maria Susan oppose discusses the cultural policy-making under Mussolinis regime in Italy from 1922 to 1943. Specifically, she has provided a detailed study of two of the most popular showpieces of public culture during the fascist regime the reconstituted Venice Biennale and the 1932 Exhibition of the Fascist Revolution. Stone asserts that the cultural politics that happened during the fascist regime in Italy was developed in three arranges.The first stage (from 1925-30) was when the Fascists worked with the accomplished institutions of high culture. It was during this stage that the regime discovered that it could not officially sanction any one style or movement. Stone as well described this stage as the time when the Fascists dealt with the social elites. The second stage (from 1931-36) was the period when they used patronage and experimentation in an effort to shape cul tural institutions according to their specifications.This is also the period when the Fascists increasingly gained support from the mass. They achieved this by moving away from supporting traditional events aimed for social elites and supporting events aimed at the masses instead. And finally, the third stage (from 1937-43), was when they adopted a more coercive set of methods. Through flexible policy of taste and patronage, the Fascists were able to win the consent of artists and draw supporters from the higher class to the masses.The mathematical function and use of mass culture during the Fascist regime have always fascinated historians for the past thirty years. Stone had added to the vast researches by other bad historians such as Walter Adamson, Philip Cannistraro, and Umberto Silva on the same topic but on a new perspective.Work CitedStone, Maria Susan. The Patron State Culture and Politics in Fascist Italy. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1998

The Pressing Problem In The Prison System Criminology Essay

The Pressing Problem In The prison System Criminology EssayThere are three custodial establishments for young battalion, they are younker offender institutions, Secure training centres and Secure squirtrens homes. The stand up Committee for Y tabuh evaluator (2010) nonifyed that during the period of 1989 to 2009, the child custody population in England and Wales increase by 795%. There is no obvious evidence showing that the youth offensive activity become more(prenominal) serious recently, but more young people was sent to prisons. These large amounts of young pris one and only(a)rs take on already brought a big pressure to the prison dust, and it has become an alarming issue in England and Wales.The prison lives are much more badly than we imagined. They are neglected from the society, some of you may say they are put in the prison beca use they commit crime, it is fair enough. imprisonment of offenders may have deterrence effect as they allow for not further commi t crime in the future, but the truth is the reoffending rate salve stays high. For this, I always doubt Do we need to incarcerate all on a lower floor-age offenders? and Do prisons work for all offenders?. Prison may cause more personal and social problems that we never expect. Also, children who sentenced to prisons have their own problems or difficulties before they placeting sent to prison, it may include poor family backgrounds or drugs abuse, etc. These take away the prison system more difficult to handle these children, and thus causing the problem of resources and management.Many concerning parties are doing different reforms as they want to reduce the number. Prison Reform consecrate is one of the charities who promote alternatives to custody. It has launched a new campaign Out of Trouble especially helps those children and young people who are imprisoned in the UK. Also, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Article 36(d) stated that custody be used as a last resort. However, Prison Reform Trust criticized the juvenile court doesnt follow it strictly. eitherone understands that the statuses of children and adult are different, it is assumed that child should have more chance than adult. Children are important capital to our future society, so the prison system has abundanter responsibilities to help those youth offenders a better future. Under this perspective, people always argue about the purpose of imprisoning a child should be different from the adult one too. Society always place greater hope on these groups of vulnerable children. No matter the society, professionals or the government, they will put greater emphasis on rehabilitation rather than punishment, but the problem is how to make a balance between punishment and rehabilitation?The primary thing to concern about is resources, thats the money-cost. Many news reports complained that youth custody spent too much but with an unpleasant outcome in return. Every year m any millions of pounds are wasted for locking up children for committing both violent and non-violent offences, it is extremely costly but fails to reduce the amount of crime. According to the report Punishing costs How locking up children is devising Britain less safe(2010), Aleksi Knuutila stated that holding a child in prison costs about 100,000 a year in England and Wales. Prison Trust Reform always argues that some very minor offences will result in custodial sentences, and they state that non-violent crime offenders should not be sentenced to prison as it is a waste of resources.However, the Independent Commission on Youth Crime and Antisocial Behavior (2010) showed a baffle result of reconviction rate, three quarters of all young people leaving custody re-offend within a year which means almost three out of four young offenders reoffend within a year after they release. We have already paid many millions for these youths, but we just did very little to shift their behavior and protect the society.Except the money cost, we potentiometer see that the present system has limit ability to help these vulnerable child back to the reclaim tracks. At first, people believe harsher punishment underside help to deter them from doing further criminal behavior. But the truth is that the lives in prison make youngsters get closer to crime, or even breeding them into professional criminals. This is one of the struggle points for the prison system to manage and allocate those youngsters in the right places.The prison system also needs to try their best to ensure that children in prison still have their proper lives, which include giving them educational upkeep and mentally support. As children are valuable capitals to our future society, although they did something wrong, they still have the chance to learn. Education is important to youngsters at any places, this can help youngsters to build up different kinds of skills and abilities, thus integrate back to norm al life easier when they release. Most of the public support that youth institutions should give education and training to the children in prisons, this places great pressure on the prison system yet they have already put a lot of resources in providing children different education and training within the prisons.Moreover, there is still statistics showed that the prison system is not doing enough for the children. According to the report Training planning for children and young people (2010), it stated that prisons are weakness to adequately prepare young people for release. One of the problems is that there is lack of accredited offending behavior programmes for the young prisoners. Even those young prisoners set up some targets for their training plans, they may not find suitable programme to achieve them through the imprisonment period. Also, it is reported that many children release from prisons till have difficulties in their learning. This showed that the prison system does nt spend well, and they cannot learn what they should learn in the prisons.Special attention should also be put on childs psychological needs. at bottom the prison, juvenile will be allocated into different cells. It is not easy to adapt the prison lives, and it may cause them different psychological problems, such as depression. The Standing committee for youth justice report (2010) stated that Boys in custody are 18 times more likely to suicide than children in the community. We can see that it is a serious problem inside the prisons. However, it is not possible for all prison officers to have specific training to handle these problems. If the problem is ignore for a certain period of time, it may cause them suffer from some more serious mental problems. Handling the psychological needs of offenders has become one of the responsibilities of the prison system, but resources are limited for them. Again, it places greater pressure on prisons work.Evidences of reconviction rate have also showed that the present prison system is failing to desexualize and rehabilitate children in their prison lives. The prison system should ensure the children learn from their mistakes and the moral values through their sentences. It is important for youngsters to understand what is right and wrong, and why they are punished, it can reduce the possibilities of reoffending. However, it may bring some negative effects to the child and society, and even cannot facilitate them in reintegration and rehabilitation. Organizations of protecting children always advocate the use of community sentences, for this, children can learn from community and learn in community. Community support is important to youth offenders, if they build up good relationship with the community, they can be integrate back into the community more easily. However, the prison system does not do much in this area and still has rooms for improvement.As mentioned above, youth prison is required to do differently. N ot only punishing them for their wrongdoings, but to fix their brain. It is important to do more about rehabilitation, reformation and reintegration. Children are vulnerable and relatively inexperienced with the world, they are easily affected by the external factors. If child only arrange to do some routine works in prison, it is impossible for us to change their behavior. The system need to develop a different approach for them as it has greater responsibilities to restore and reform them. However, it is not a simple task.Setting up and working with a system which is different from the adult system, it has already made child in custody under 18 the most pressing issue in the prison system. Prison officers have many challenging works like providing children proper educational support in prison, taking care of child psychological needs, working with communities, doing work of rehabilitation, etc. All these work has given the prison system many challenges and making the child in cus tody under 18 becomes the most pressing issue in the prison system.Words 1541ReferencesStanding Committee for Youth Justice (2010), Raising the custody threshold. visible(prenominal) from, The Howard League for Penal Reform Web site http//www.scyj.org.uk/files/Raising_the_custody_threshold_SummaryAug10_FINAL.pdf Accessed November 2, 2010Youth Justice Board (2010), Youth justice system shackles figures . easy from, Youth Justice Board Web site http//www.yjb.gov.uk/NR/rdonlyres/643A66F6-0DFC-4621-90C0-8EA27AD9FA99/0/SecureMonthlyReportAugust2010.xls Accessed November 2, 2010.Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (1990), United Nations Convention on the Rights. operable from, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Web site http//www2.ohchr.org/english/law/crc.htm Accessed November 2, 2010.Aleksi Knuutila (2010), Punishing costs How locking up children is making Britain less safe. Available from, The New Economics Foundation Web s ite http//www.outoftrouble.org.uk/sites/default/files/nef_Punishing_Costs_0.pdf Accessed November 5, 2010The Independent Commission On Youth Crime and Antisocial Behavior (2010), Time for a fresh start. Available from, the Independent Commission on Youth Crime and Antisocial Behavior Web site http//www.youthcrimecommission.org.uk/attachments/076_FreshStart.pdf Accessed November 5, 2010.Inspectorate of Prisons (2010), Training planning for children and young people. Available from, Youth Justice Board Web site http//www.justice.gov.uk/inspectorates/hmi-prisons/docs/Training_Planning_Thematic_rps.pdf Accessed November 5, 2010.

Competitive Advantage And Corporate Social Responsibility Management Essay

Competitive Advantage And Corporate Social Responsibility Management screenThe idea of stakeholder approach to strategic vigilance suggests that managers must formulate and implement processes which satisfy all and only those groups who select a stake in the occupancy. The of import task in the process is to manage and integrate the relationships and interests of shareholders, employees, customers, suppliers, communities and other groups in a way that ensures the long-term success of the firm.Stakeholder approach suggests that we repaint our picture of the firm. For unassailable or ill, there are myriad groups who have a stake in the success of the firm. Many traditional views of strategy have ignored few stakeholders, marginalized others and consistently traded-off the interests of others against favoured stakeholder groups. Such an approach may well be appropriate in relatively stable environments. However, changing world the limitations of traditional approaches to strategi c management become increasingly apparent. The interests of key stakeholders must be integrated into the very purpose of the firm, and stakeholder relationships must be managed in a coherent and strategic mode1.2. gatekeeper, M. E., Kramer, M. R., (2006). Strategy and society The link between competitive advantage and somatic social responsibility. (2006, December) (Harvard Business Review), 84(12), p. 76-92.Although businesses have become increasingly aware of stakeholder pressure to make do a commitment to their bodily social responsibilities (CSR), this does non necessarily mean the adoption of an integrated and strategic approach to CSR. Rather, as Michael doorman (Harvard Business School, Boston) and secern Kramer (John F Kennedy School of Government, Massachusetts) have recently struggled in the Harvard Business Review (December 2006), current approaches to CSR are fragmented and disconnected from business goals. This has resulted in disparate and thermolabile init iatives designed to mollify vocal stakeholders or deflect circumspection from questionable business practices, and these have justifiably been criticised as feel good marketing campaigns which have failed to generate bottom line benefits.Porter and Kramer suggest a new approach to CSR which both (i) acknowledges the interdependence of companies and the broader community, and (ii) enables companies to develop a tailored, rather than generic, CSR strategy. In this way, companies entrust make the most significant social impact and reap the greatest business benefits. This note provides a summary of Porter and Kramers article, giving particular attention to the practical issues of creating a tailored corporate social agenda.2.1 BackgroundCompanies which have responded to their CSR have usually done so for one, or a combination, of the following four reasons/principles moral obligation, sustainability, compliance or reputation. Moral obligation refers to the compulsion for companies to be good citizens and do the right thing. The sustainability argument emphasises the need for companies to have regard to the native environment from which resources are drawn. The compliance or licence to operate argument reflects a pragmatic response to agendas set by Government regulators, and the reputation purport is all about creating a positive impression on consumers, staff and shareholders.Porter and Kramer identify the individual deficiencies of each of these principles as a sufficient justification for CSR (e.g. they argue that the sustainability school of thought raises questions about balancing long term objectives against short term costs, but offers no framework for resolution). Fundamentally however, Porter and Kramer argue that there is an inherent weakness in all four school of thought, namely they focus on the tension between business and society, rather than their interdependence. gain ground each strategy creates a generic rationale that is not tied to the strategy and operations of any specific company or the places in which it operates.Porter and Kramer argue that the deficiencies in approach to CSR have resulted in unco-ordinated and non-strategic activities that neither make any meaningful social impact nor strengthen the firms long-term competitiveness. Having set the scene, Porter and Kramer suggest a new approach to CSR to achieve these outcomes.2.2 A new approachPorter and Kramers new approach has two key elements. Firstly, they suggest that a CSR strategy should be predicated on an acceptance of the interdependence of business and society, i.e. successful corporations need a healthy society and a healthy society of necessity successful companies. Porter and Kramer suggest that the points of intersection between companies and society are both inside-out linkages (i.e. internal activities which affect the external environment such as hiring practices, emissions and waste control) and outside-in linkages (i.e. social conditions which affect a companys capacity to conduct business, e.g. rules and regulations, local education and health supports). This platform of understanding implies that both business decisions and social insurance have shared values, and lifts CSR from a nice to do (which is reminiscent of the moral obligation argument or philanthropic approach to CSR) to the have to do (which, although not acknowledged by Porter and Kramer, is an extension of the sustainability argument).Secondly, and this is the real benefit of Porter and Kramers thesis, they argue that each company should create a tailored (rather than a generic) corporate social agenda, and provide a practical tool to chart that agenda i.e. to identify those areas of social context with the greatest strategic value.2.3 The practice of developing a new CSR strategyPorter and Kramers practical tool to developing a new CSR strategy encompasses the following stepsChoosing which social issues to address. The essential test that should p ass away CSR is not whether the cause is worthy, but whether it presents an opportunity to create shared value that is, a meaningful benefit for society that is also meaningful to the business. Porter and Kramer argue that companies should sort social issues into three categories (i) generic social issues which affect all companies (ii) value chain social impacts which have a direct affect on the companys ordinary course of business and (iii) social dimensions of competitive context which significantly affect the underlying drivers of a companys competitiveness in a specific location. in one case the social issues have been categorised they should be ranked, i.e. prioritised, for actionCreating a corporate social agenda. The selected social issues should be identified in an explicit and positive corporate social agenda. This agenda will reflect an approach to CSR which is bothresponsiveto stakeholder concerns and anticipated risks, andstrategic(i.e. integrates inside-out and outs ide-in linkages)Organising for CSR. The corporate social agenda should be integrated into affirmative business practices, i.e. to ensure that operating management is engaged in processes that identify and prioritise social issues based on their salience to business operations and their importance to the companys competitive context. Further, Porter and Kramer suggest that measurement of outcomes is critical to the agenda, and that value chain and competitive context investments in CSR need to be incorporated into the performance managers with PL responsibility. In particular Porter and Kramer argue for the measurement of the CSR initiatives in term of social impact (although omit to discuss what those measures might be).ConclusionPorter and Kramer offer a new approach to CSR which focuses on identifying the shared values between a particular company and its social context, and developing a tailored and strategic response. victimization Porter and Kramers tool to map social opportu nities, and practical steps to identify, develop and organise for CSR, companies now have a new CSR framework to enhance business and social outcomes. If companies are able to successfully use this model (and Porter and Kramers article provides numerous case studies to that effect) then the benefits will be reaped in terms of both a competitive advantage and social enhancement.3.An Empirical Analysis of the Strategic Use of Corporate Social Responsibility by Donald S. Siegel and Donald F. VitalianoIn a recent insightful survey of CSR, The Economist (2005, 8) identified four varieties of CSR based on whether this activity raised or lowered profits and raised or lowered social welfare. This paper constitutes the first empirical test of recent theories of strategic CSR. Specifically, we focus on the importance of the type of product or run sold by a firm as a determinant of managements decision to invest in CSR. This decision could represent a signaling pull regarding the quality of the firms output. Consistent with these theories of strategic CSR, we find that firms selling durable experience goods or credence services are much more than likely than equal firms to be socially responsible. Ceteris paribus, our results imply that a firmselling financial services (a credence service) is more likely to opt for CSR by about 23 percentage points (compared to firms selling search goods). Similarly, a firm producing durable experience goods, such as automobiles or software, is more likely (than a firm selling search goods) to be socially responsible by about 15 percentage points. Firms selling experience services or nondurable experience goods, by contrast, are no more likely to adopt CSR than a firm whose product is a search good. While additional research is needed to pin down the diverse reasons wherefore firms adopt a CSR stance, the evidence presented here supports a view that it is consistent with strategic theories of CSR and rational, profit-seeking manage ment decision making. Others may view the same evidence as proof that CSR is a fraud or smokescreen to disguise the same behavior, which they abhor. Regardless of interpretation, we hope that this exploratory paper stimulates additional empirical research on the strategic use of CSR.Several caveats should be mentioned. The first is that our empirical analysis is based on a single cross section of data. It would be usable to test theories of strategic CSR using panel data, which would enable us to better control for unobserved firm heterogeneity and changes in CSR behavior and its determinants over time. A second concern is the possibility that our econometric analysis is subject to omitted variables bias in contrast to ordinary least squares estimation, the estimated Co-efficients in a probit model would be inconsistent even if the omitted variables are uncorrelated with the included regressors (see Greene, 2000, p. 828). It is impossible to assess the importance of this effect on our estimates of the impact of good type on the lust of firms to engage in CSR.It is also difficult to classify a company cleanly into selling search, experience, or credence goods and service. Although we eliminated conglomerate firms from our sample and relied on the firms primal products or services for our industry classification, we recognize that many firms are diversified, which introduces a certain amount of measurement error in our empirical analysis. In an archetype world, the division or perhaps, the plant or establishment would serve as the unit of analysis, rather than the firm.