Laptops in School Essay

Power on the new constitution of the future. Students should be able to have a laptop computer computer for school daywork instead of carrying a binder and victimization paper for everything they argon assigned to do. First of both, homework would be more fun to do on a laptop. Students would be able to put more contingent into their work as well as show their personality because of all the f devourures and applications within a computer. Paper assignments on worksheets and bookwork dont support this fortune.This would be fun as students would to be able to create, answer questions, and case if students had the access a computer brings. Secondly, students leave behind find that dramatic playing in homework on time is easier with a laptop than traditional paper assignments. A college student said, Using laptops will help students with their grades. Once a student completes the assignment, he or she can simply email it to the teacher. Students will not have the excuse of lo sing the assignment, forgetting it or having a dog eat the homework.Using paper means penetrative down trees. Laptops should be a students friend. Statistics prove a third point. Statistics show that apply laptops in school increases students grades. Going more in depth in assignments is what students will do if they have laptops. Also, students have a better regain of turning in their work and therefore grades will improve. Teachers and p arents continue to repine that grades drop because students are lazy and dont remember to turn in homework when it is due.Statistics also show that todays teens are so involved in every aspect of technology, they would embrace the opportunity to simply use their skills with computers and homework. A student at Brigham Young University who uses his laptop daily, said, Laptops are required in college. When using laptops, assignments can be graded wide awakely because of automated grading do by the computer. Turning in homework through a comp uter would allow quicker feedback to students. The quick feedback would allow a teacher to see what students are struggling with. Plus, a laptop is better than using paper.Paper is a waste of trees. active 144,000 trees get cut down each day. Cutting down trees is what is done to get paper. The less trees we have, the less oxygen we have. Finally, laptops will reduce that cutting down of trees in the future predicting a longer life for the earth. In college it is required for students to have laptops. So why not start using laptops now? Most of the work we do in middle school and high school is for college and life after college. The laptop will receive a students best friend, mentor, helper, and environment saver.

Mass society system

The problem is the fact that society tends o associate goal with concepts, such as fine arts, lit, definitive music, philosophy, etc. All these atomic number 18 manifestations which belong to a subdivision of culture known as senior spicy school culture. Nevertheless, what about other signs of culture, such as television, depictions or magazines? Are they non pagan signs? To my mind, evidently they atomic number 18. In fact, high and popular culture are closely related, due to the fact that nowadays, most of the manifestations of popular culture are originated In signs of high culture. Certainly, the UK Is not an exception. For that reason. Wrought these nines I would the like to stand up my point by two examples (one from literature and the other from music) and finally, I provide give you a contrastive perspective with examples of the same reachs of study. The offset example is related to literature. From time immemorial, this field of knowledge has been related to learned heap, simply because at very ancient times In history, literature could be known and studied by literate ones. Clearly, they were not excessively many In fact, they were a sort of elite. upright wealthy people had access to formal education and knew how to read and write properly.However, time went by and cosmos an educated person became more affordable. In most of the constitutions manwide, being educated is compulsory it is a right for everyone. For that reason, in relation to this area, that is to recount literature, little by little people started to know the classics such as Homer, Plato, Tolstoy, Verne, among others. In these terms, with Shakespeare. Among their master pieces we atomic number 50 find Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Nights stargaze, Hamlet, Macbeth, and tabby Lear. Most of them are recognized all everyplace the world for thousands. But, are Shakespearean works presented n utter cultural manifestations?Indeed, there are multiple references of S hakespeare in popular culture. For Instance, there are several movies based on his works like Gnome and Juliet, Shakespeare In love or Warm bodies which Is Inspired In the Buff The vampire Slayer a popular television program in the nineties. Moreover, we can recognize the Shakespearean influence in Disney movies like The Beauty and the animate being, in which Belle reads to the Beast a quotation from Romeo and Juliet or in the movie The Nightmare Before Christmas, in which the main character Jack makes urinate reference to the scene of the skull in Hamlet.Finally, we rush the Lion King, which is entirely based on Hamlets story since Scar kills his brother (as Claudia kills his brother, the King) accordingly Mafias ghost visits obechi (as the Kings ghost visits Hamlet) and at the end of the movie Samba is encouraged by Timing and Puma to take revenge for his fathers finale (exactly as Restaurants and Guilelessness did in Hamlet). The second case is located in the field of music . This is the case of Queen, in particular, the case of its vocalist, the great Freddy Mercury.Perhaps, now you are wondering, how this rock and roll musician can be influenced by high culture music? At the very beginning, when he was a child, he was formally trained on balmy in which he was quite a skilful. In addition, some people who were closed to him, said that he use comprehending classical music like Chopin and Mozart, moreover, he was even pretty interested in opera having a large collection of opera recordings. Other example of it was a comment of one his friends named Chris Smith, who said that Freddy piano style was very Mozart.In fact, in my point of view, this influence is Leary noticeable in songs of his band like Bohemian Rhapsody in which there is an exquisite change of rock music, touches of classical piano and the magnificent contributions of the lyrical choir or in the song Love of my life, in which we can see features of classical music as the arpeggios, w hich are not very commonplace in rock and roll style. The last two examples are sensible according to its own perspective. Nevertheless, there is a different point of view, which is related to a social system known as Mass society.People, who drop studied this system, have established that high culture has en replaced by low culture. This cultural replacement has been helped, enormously, by mass media or the general of popular education. These ones have caused a progressive deterioration in populations tastes, that is to say, that category after year peoples tastes are more unsophisticated and that is the reason wherefore they replace high cultural elements for those which are part of the popular tradition. For instance, a quite clear example of this situation is the amount of people who listen to classical music.In fact, a survey of The Readers Digest says things like a thirty common chord recent of people have never listened to classical music, or that a thirty nine percent of the survey respondents, assure that they do not like listening to this type of music. Other good evidence of it could be the preference for some books, especially, Best sellers. The best example is Harry potter. This saga is one of the most successful in the I-J and in the whole world adolescents were avid to read every single word.However, would have they the same need to read the classics of literature by themselves? According to this, we could confirm that popular culture is not reflected n high cultural manifestations, there is not a kind of legacy or continuity from one to the other, there is Just a substitution process sadly, high culture has been left aside. As a conclusion, through the development of the present document and taking unavoidable that elements related to the field of high arts such as literature, classical music, visual arts, etc. Re manifested in expressions of popular culture like movies, television programs, newspapers, magazines, among others. Even t hough, it is important to take under consideration, that there is not Just one perspective in relation to this matter. In addition, we have the point of view according to the phenomenon of Mass society system, which indicates that, progressively, low culture is replacing high cultural manifestations reducing populations taste.

Diversity and Inclusion in Work with Children Essay

compare, smorgasbord and inclusion in contrive with children and puppyish people Assignment 1 Within a work, e smell, renewal and inclusion is very important. It is their duty to make sure all children cave in equal entranceway to the curriculum. Whether they be a different race, culture, gender or score a special need or disability, it is important that they are nutritioned and have a right to participate and be hardened equal this is k right offn as inclusion.As part of this it is important that prepares and other(a) professionals support and shape up ethnical diversity in educates and the wider society, breaking vote down any discriminatory barriers to instruction. (1. 2) In a school participation kernel that everyone has to be involved and this involves the inclusion of the children. The Government is committed to childrens rights and participation. to a lower place Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), children and yo ung people have the right to express their views, and for these to be admireed by adults when making decisions on matters that affect them. This means that the schools have to involve the children in the planning, delivery and evaluation of the curriculum on a daily basis, petition children what they think, what works and what they think could be better. Children should be given opportunities to express their vista in matters that affect their lives.Effective participation gives children and young people the hazard to make a positive contri onlyion to their acquire and to develop the skills, sureness and self-esteem they pull up stakes need for the future. Every child has the right to access the curriculum, Equality of access. This means that children can work to the scoop up of their ability and be treated equally within their learning. The schools have a duty to support these rights and they must be reflected through their policies and procedures and must comply with curre nt legislations and codes of practice.The Equality Act 2010, UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989, Children Act 1989/2004, SENDA 2001 and SEN Code of put 2002 are the relevant legislations that give guidance on how to understand the childrens rights to participation and equality of access. Promoting participation and equal access makes sure that the school is meeting the 5 outcomes of ECM/HCAM and will therefore provide children with the best possible opportunities to to achieve to the best of their ability within the curriculum and their school life. (1. ) Cultural diversity provides a framework to bringing children together who would other be naturally separated by cultural barriers. Pupils cultural development involves pupils acquiring an understanding of cultural traditions and an ability to apprize and respond to a variety of aesthetic experiences. They acquire a respect for their own culture and that of others, an interest in others ways of doing things and curio sity about differences. They develop the knowledge, skills, understanding, qualities and attitudes they need to understand, appreciate and contribute to culture.Schools have to promote cultural diversity and follow legislations relating to equality and discrimination, it is the law not to discriminate and this is set out in the Equality Act 2010. thither are many ways that a school can promote acceptance and respect of different cultures throughout the school, this could be through direction in the classroom where the pupils can explore varied cultural backgrounds, learning about celebrations that different cultures participate in for example multicultural festivals that channelize place different times throughout the year.Also many schools now have welcome signs which are written in languages that pupils within the school speak, displays are also used with work of the children these are a excellent way of showing the pupils understanding of others cultures and provides informati on for all within the school. entirely staff must act as role models and promote cultural diversity this helps reduce prejudice and discrimination and if staff are displace this in place then it will influence pupils to be broad of other cultures and with this helps the children understand the diverse society to which they belong.Pupils who understand cultural diversity will be much likely to participate and those of different cultures will feel more involved as they can help with the learning of their culture, with this it will help children in schools and outside in the wider society. In conclusion, schools who promote equality and inclusion through participation and a value of cultural diversity are encouraging children to ave respect for others and not to discriminate and promotes license for the children. Childrens rights to equal access has to be supported by quality teaching, school policies and procedures. Childrens rights are protected by the law but if the schools fol low the laws and provide the vital information through learning, children are more likely to respect others and appreciate their responsibilities to others.

Speech About Education in Indonesia

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb. Firstly, I would like to say give thanks because it is a great honor for me to stand here and give a brief speech entitled Formal study in Indonesia Education system in our body politic is dual-lane into two major parts, they ar formal and non-formal. A formal education is divided into three levels base, alternate and tertiary education. While non-formal education is carried out for the learners who get difficulties to meet the requirements in formal education. An example of non-formal education is PLS or Outside School Education.Before immersion primary or elementary groom, children in our boorish usu altogethery have tended to(p) kindergarten. But this education is not compulsory for Indonesian citizens, as the take away of this is just to prepare them for primary school. Children ages 712 attend primary education at Elementary School. This level of education is compulsory for all Indonesian citizens. Similar to education systems in the U. S. and A ustralia, students must study for cardinal geezerhood to complete this level. Some schools offer an accelerated learning program, where students who work out well can finish elementary school in phoebe bird years.The next level is secondary education. After graduating from elementary school, students attend position School or Junior High School for three years from the age of 13-15. After three years of schooling and graduation, students whitethorn pass on to Senior High School. In Indonesia, this school is basically divided into two kinds SMA and SMK. SMA is different with SMK in their studies. The students at SMA are prepared to pressurise totertiary education or university, while students of SMK as a vocational school are prepared to be ready to work after conclusion their school without going to university/college.The last level of education in our country is tertiary education. Students who have graduated from senior high school may attend to university or academy. The y can choose any kinds of university or academy based on their interests or scopes of knowledge, for example majoring in English, Mathematics, or instructor training university. I think thats all my speech. I consent my brief description on the formal education in our country will be useful for us. Finally, I would like to say distressing if there are mistakes in my speech words. Thank you very ofttimes for your attention. Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Era of globalization cultural differences

IntroductionIn this epoch of globalisation in consult environment, companies atomic number 18 spread asideing their concern all over the universe, i.e. in polar assigns and separately of them with varied elaborations. One kingdom in peculiar of twist resultance is interethnical direction accomplishments. Culture in world(prenominal) concern presents is know to cast a major operate on to play in the international gross revenues, selling, enlisting, direction and amalgamations. In short, elegance is behind boththing we do or enounce. ( www.kwintessential.co.uk )T here(predicate)fore, in the international and multi- heathen concern community, thither ar really such(prenominal) possibilities of misinterpretations which can hold a negative consequence on the tidy contri savee which go reveal intern impact the productiveness of the organisation. This complexness requires a manager to accommodate in order to offer modern solutions to these jobs. ( www.kwintessential .co.uk )Culture isSomething sh ard by all or closely all components of more or less social conference.Something older members of a concourse attempt to go through to young members.Something ( as in the instance of ethical motives, Torahs, and imposts ) that shapes behaviour, or structures 1 s perceptual experience of he universe. Therefore elegance is all that sensation needs to cognize in order to be shamed in a society or an administration which is a sum sum of all the beliefs, values and norms sh bed by a group of plurality who have been brought up in a society to believe, experience, construe and do in a peculiar mode. Or it is a human run into on of accommodating to fortunes and conveying these accomplishments and cognition to the side by side(p) coevalss. It can excessively be said as nicety as mental scheduling is wantwise crystallisation of history in the custodies, heads and Black Marias of the present coevals. ( Hofstede, 2001 ) .This essay go out s peak somewhat the cultural difference in the midst of India which is my place civilization and UK which is the opposite number. I have chosen UK because I have been to UK for my over construe Work Experience ( SWE ) and during my stay in UK I neer stipendiary attending towards the UK civilization holdings and would now like to analyse with regard to the divergent theoretical accounts. But before that Lashkar-e-Taibas have a expression at somewhat imposts or values that atomic number 18 followed in these statesIndia HindooismSocial freedom amongst the sexes is non appreciated.Use of jump name to turn to slew is avoided.The method of recognizing depends on the societal plant of the various(prenominal) you atomic number 18 run intoing i.e. if a boy is run intoing his young-be propo situateding(prenominal) p bent normally he greets him by bowing down and contact his pess. Where as educated hoi polloi, in concern meeting agitate custodies to delicious or recognize each separate.If invited for dinner one may exclusively hold the dinner with the concern spouse and non the whole household and bring non get hold of disquieted if you host asks you several times to hold some more intellectual nourishment. It is Indian usage to do cert ain that the invitee does non acquire up hungry from the tabular range. Besides at the tabular array 1 should utilize the right manus in go throughing nutrient as Indian matter left manus as impure.United stateBritish tidy sum ar formal, sophisticated, value privateness and argon sensitive.Within UK controlled concern environment, maintain decorousness and avoid familiarity in frock and conversation, volume and jocund is excessively forbidden.Family names and commencement name are preferred.British tribe are good negotiants as they are tolerant and good hearers.All right address and good etiquette are beared at all societal occasions.Gift well-favoured is non a normal usage in UK.( Harris, 2004 & A Rodrigues , 2001 )Hofstede Model track-cultural survey to ascertain out the differences in national civilizations, this was done by Hofstede across 60 antithetic states which included matched samples of concern employees. These surveies together identified four free-lance dimensions of national civilization differences. The dimensions explored werePower distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, several(prenominal)ism verses Bolshevism and masculinity verses muliebrity.The first of four dimensions discovered by Hofstede is called power distance. Power distance is the finale to which the less powerful member of an organisation or an establishment accept and expect that the power is distri neverthelessed unevenly( Hofstede, 2001 ) .The basic job which is prevalent here is to what expiration in a civilization the grade of inequality among a less powerful interpretle and a spirited powerful individual is expected and accepted. India stands at the 10/11 place in the playing field with a mark of 77 whereas broad Britain is on the 42/44 place with a mark of merely 35. ( go for appendices- )For illustration During my SWE the helper operation pass of the whole hotel concatenation was really friendly, who was besides the caput of my section. I used to portion my personal jobs with her and even travel out for dinner. This illustration would be farther analyzed in the competences.The 2nd dimension is labeled as uncertainness turning away ( UA ) . It refers to the conclusion a civilization or organisation prepares its members to experience comfy or uneasy in an un organise state of affairs ( Hofstede, 2001 ) . The issue involved here is the degree to which a civilization or society would accept morose Torahs and ordinances over uncertainness and hazard. States or civilizations hiting high on UA have prospicient history and the population is homogenous. Risks even calculated are avoided and red-hot thoughts and constructs are hard to present whereas states on low UA tonss are alone opposite. Although thither is non oft of a difference in the ranks given by Hofstede but still India scores a higher rank than Great Britain, besides this dimension does non hold a major function in the center competences. ( see appendices- )The 3rd is individuality and Bolshevism which is the grade to which a civilization emphasis on that right of an person as compared to those of a group. Countries hiting high on individuality live in the I civilization and filtrate for personal ends and accomplishments. In such states it is acceptable to prosecute personal ends at the disbursal of an opposite(prenominal). Whereas a state hiting low in individuality has the we civilization. Individual desires and end could be suppressed for the good of the group.For Example In UK civilization tribe ever consider themselves as an Individual, they are more b new(prenominal)ed about themselves even if they belong to aforementioned(prenominal) household, whereas in India people c onsider each other as a portion of a group and that s the ground articulation households still exist in Indian society.The last 1 is maleness and muliebrity which refers to the distribution of function between the two genders i.e. male and female. States with high maleness are observed to hold the undermentioned features i.e. Precedences in life for people are movement, wealth and enlargement. commonly people settle struggles through aggressive means.Women and hunt down forces have different functions in society. OftenProfessionals in these states work for longer hours and short holidaies. Whereas in counties which are low in maleness the followers is observed. Precedences are the household, relationships and quality of life.Conflicts are normally solved though negotiation.Men and adult females portion equal places in society.Masculinity/Femininity are every bit powerful but in regard to Hofstede, 2006 research both India and UK portion common Masculinity civilization as in both of these civilizations societal gender functions are clearly distinguishable. ( see appendices ) foyer s ModelThe critical differentiation is made by the anthropologist Edward Hall between high and low- circumstance of use civilizations and how these attachments have an consequence on communication. In High Context cultures high context communicating breeding is either in the physical context or internalized in the individual with tenuous communicating in the expressed words or inwardness and on the other manus a low context civilization communicating most information is contained in expressed codifications, such as words ( Harris, 2004 ) .High context civilizations depend to a great extent on the external environment, state of affairss, and non-verbal behaviour in making and construing communications. In high context civilizations when persons communicate they try to happen out how much the hearer knows about what is macrocosm discussed. Peoples in high context civilizatio ns show on interpersonal relationships, besides developing trust is really of mo factor or measure which should be made before get downing a concern. Peoples are collectivized and work on their lore instead than on grounds and are more indirect every bit good as formal. India is high context civilization.Whereas in crushed Context cultures the environment is less of import, and not -verbal behaviour is frequently ignored. duration communicating is traveling on the hearer knows nil or small and need to be told about what is being discussed. Peoples in low context civilizations emphasize legal paperss instead than bury personal relationships or trust. Peoples are individualistic and work based on logical logical thinking and non on intuition, besides they are direct and informal. UK is a low context civilization.For illustration During my SWE I was asked by my co-worker to assist her with the work burden. instead of stating I can non, I said it would be hard. The illustration w ould be analyzed in the competences countries.The 2nd construct given by Hall was to arrange with the how different civilizations construction or pull off their dress i.e. polychronic verses the monochronic clip orientation. The polychronic civilizations believe in making many things at one clip and the monochronic civilizations believe in making one undertaking at given point of clip and clip is low-level to interpersonal relationships. UK belongs to monochromic civilization and India is a polychronic civilization.PigeonholingAnother of import factor or variable that the conductors in the organisation demand to maintain in head is pigeonholing. Stereotypes are set of attitudes that causes us to impute qualities and features to a individual based on the group to which that single belongs. ( Harris, 2004 )It fundamentally involves categorising and doing perceptual experiences about people based on one s experiences and it guides one s behaviour towards that group of people in a p eculiar fashion.TeamworkA squad is a figure of individuals associated in same joint action, while teamwork is described as concerted or co-ordinated attempt on the portion of individuals working together towards the realization of a end ( Harris, 2004 ) . A hotel house can merely last if the employees are ready to work and bring out an effectual squad. As each and every operation in the cordial reception industry is interrelated to each other. For illustration front office is depended upon housekeeping section for brisk suites and eating house is dependent on kitchen for cooking nutrient. Therefore in order to hold a successful multicultural squad member should hold complimentary accomplishments and should believe in favour of the squad. ( illustration see appendices- )CommunicationAll activities involve communicating. In the planetary epoch different managerial activities like motivation, taking, dialogue interchanging information etc are all based on the director of one civili zation to pass on in effect and successfully to people of other civilizations. Communication can non merely verbal or create verbally but besides non-verbal i.e. organic structure lingual communication, looks etc( Adler, 1997 ) .In international cordial reception and Tourism industries linguistic communication plays a really of import function, as both of these industries include direct guest contact good linguistic communication and communicating accomplishments can either do or thwart the feeling of the organisation particularly hotels. ( illustration see appendices )Conflict and talksConflict- A country of inharmoniousness between incompatible or antithetical individuals, thoughts, or involvements a clang ( www.ANSWER.COM )Causes of strugglecommunicating failurepersonality strugglevalue differencesend differencesmethodological differencessubstandard public presentationdeficiency of cooperationdifferences sing authorizationdifferences sing dutycompetition over resourcesn on-compliance with regulations( www.geocities.com )These are some of the factors which causes struggle in an on the job environment of an organisation which involve to be resolved through assorted manners and agenciesForceNegotiateBargainAvoidAdjustment and Appease( Mead 19982005 )The most of import tool is negotiation which s is used to decide struggle duologue is a procedure in which two or more entities hang together to discourse common and conflicting involvements in order to make an understanding of common benefit ( Harris, 2004 ). In international concern dialogue, there can be misconstruing delinquent the difference in the civilization to civilization in linguistic communication, cultural conditioning, dialogue manner, attack to job work outing etc. Negotiation plays a really of import function in Hospitality and Tourism Industries, such as dialogue on room rate with invitees and travel agents in different states etc. As India belongs to polychromatic civilization, while taking determinations people from India tend to affect other people ( co-workers ) into the dialogue procedure which makes the procedure longer. This besides confirms the stereotype associated with them. This besides happens as India a leftist and high PDI state. Whereas UK which is monochromatic civilization they see clip as an plus and measure to be scheduled, they emphasize on doing dockets and complete the work or taking the determination in clip. Negotiation can besides be effected by the communicating manner of the state i.e. as explained earlier the construct of high and low context civilizations i.e. misconstruing due to miss of lucidity amongst the two civilizations therefore taking to unsatisfactory consequences of dialogue.Measuring myself- Me, As a directorAfter finishing my brooding pattern assignment and following up the undertakings given to us. After making the Hofstede s mensurating cultural differences commence theoretical account or exercising and I found that I measured maleness more than muliebrity which clarifies that the occupation which is given or I undertake is done to acquire personal sense of achievement and I look for new and ambitious chances for a high success.I would suck up my ego as low power distance human being as I would wish to work with those troughs which makes determination by sing all the employees view points instead doing their ain personal determination I would focused more on Bolshevism instead on individualism as I look for more chances to better upon my accomplishments and develop new accomplishments by accommodating to new on the job conditions ( see appendices- )Cultures are usually attributed to groups of people but, within group each person has his/her ain person characters which make the individual stand out from others. I would withdraw my ego as a good hearer, good perceiver, concerted with employees, supple and competitory ( see appendices- ) . These single features make me stand out from other membe rs of different civilizations. The consequences of CCAI indicate that my strongest are is Personal Autonomy and my weakest country is flexibility/Openness. While tonss in Emotional Resilience and Perceptual Activity about the same. ( see appendices- ) The country in which I lack the most is communicating among different civilizations while I can easy manage state of affairss in which things do non travel as per program or state of affairss and in which emphasis and tolerance occurs. I lack in country where I am expected to pass on among different civilizations, disdain of the fact that, I would love to pass some clip with people from different civilizations. By bettering my intercultural accomplishments such as communicating i.e. how to respond on different thoughts, people and experiences and I should non concentrate on what other people are stating and making instead do my ain determinations. This will do me a better individual while I am in different civilization and in my ain civilization. Besides I should adopt to appreciate different people and disbursals.In the following six months by following up the action program I would better on my communicating accomplishment by reading novels and newspapers and besides at the same clip seek interact and discourse on different issues with people in college whom I usually do nt interact with, as it will besides assist me in appreciating different people as good. complementary this exercising would assist me in covering with different people at my hereafter work topographic point and besides pass oning efficaciously with them. ( see appendices- )Decision and RecommendationsThe chief focal point of this essay was to analyse similarities and unsimilarities among Indian and UK civilizations. This was done though usage of two theoretical accounts of cultural outline done by Hofstede and Hall. It was realized that both the civilizations are excessively different from each other. As cordial reception and touristry in dustry are turning at a rapid graduated table and due to globalisation of the concern, the demand for multicultural employees is increasing, but pull offing employees from wholly different civilizations like in India or UK would be great repugn faced by the directors in the industry. Besides international visitants frequently expect that service suppliers should understand and esteem their imposts, beliefs and civilizations, if non it may take to traverse cultural struggles. Following are the recommendations for UK and India based directorsCross cultural preparation should be provided to the employees so that they can set in new civilizations. Information about other civilizations should be provided which will take to better understanding amongst the employees and heighten teamwork.While pass oning with Britishers, Indian people should utilize simple words which are grammatically right should be used and direct communicating should take topographic point as British people belong t o a low context civilization and prefer messages/communication to be structured straight, that they get immediate to the point and province decisions and bottom line.Proper apprehension of other civilizations and taking appropriate dialogue procedure can bring forth effectual and utile dialogue. A director must happen out the common and the uncommon values of his and opposite numbers civilization in order to carry on effectual and successful dialogue. While negociating between UK and Indian civilizations, directors should take attention of the organic structure languages, Gestures and usage of grammatically right linguistic communication for communications should be used besides, vastness of clip should be taken into consideration.Cross cultural preparation should be provided to the employees so that they can set in new civilizations. Information about other civilizations should be provided which will take to better understanding amongst the employees and enhanced teamwork.Another consideration for planetary directors is that they should have/develop good hearing accomplishment.BibliographyAdler.N.J, ( 1997 ) , International Dimensions of organizational Behavior, 4th Edition, South-Western, United States.Abercrombie.N and Warde.A ( 2001 ) , The Contemporary British Society, Black good PublishersLtd, Great Britian.Brislin. W.Richard, ( 1981 ) , Cross Cultural Encounters, Pergamon Press, USA.Brislin.W. Richard and Cushner. K, ( 1996 ) , Intercultural Interactions, 2ed, clear-sighted Publications, USA.Barker. C. ( 2002 ) , Making Sense of Cultural Studies, Sage Publications, London.Conflict Definition, Synonyms, from answers.com ( online ) cited on 2 November universal resource locator hypertext transfer protocol //www.answers.com/topic/conflictFrancesco, A. M. & A Gold, B. A. ( 2005 ) International Organizational Behavior Texts, instances and exercises Upper Saddle Row, New Jersey, Pearson/scholar Hall.Grazia. V. ( 1981 ) , The Cultural Of Content, Universit y of Cambridge, CambridgeHooker.J, ( 2003 ) , Working Across Cultural, Standford University Press, Califonia.Hofstede.G, ( 1985 ) , The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practises and Theories, London.Harris. P. , Robert.T. M & A Sarah. V. M, 2004, distil offing Cultural Differences Global Leadership Strategies for twenty-first century, 6th Edition, Elsevier, London.Hodgetts. R, Luthans. F, Doh. J, 2006, International steering Culture, Strategy, and Behavior, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing companion Ltd, New Delhi.Hofstede. G, 2001, Culture s Consequences, 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, LondonKwintessential ( 2008 ) , Intercultural Training ( online ) cited on 3 December URL hypertext transfer protocol //www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/intercultural-training.htmlMead, R. 1998 International Management Cross Cultural Dimensions 2nd edition Cambridge MA. Blackwell PublishersMead, R. 2005 International Management Cross Cultural Dimensions 3rd edition Camb ridge MA. Blackwell PublishersRodriguez. C, 2001, International Management A cultural Approach, 2nd Edition, South-Western College Publication, United KingdomRobinson. M. ( 1999 ) , Cultural Conflicts In Tourism Inevitablity and Inequality, CAB Publication, USASchneider.C.Susan. and Basoux Louis.J, ( 1997 ) , Pull offing Across Cultural, Prentice Hall, Europe. Storry.M and Childs. P. ( 1997 ) , British Cultural Identities, Routledge New YorkSamovar. A.Larry and Porter.E. Richard, ( 2003 ) , Intercultural Communication, tenth edition, Thompson Learning, USASingh.Y. ( 2002 ) , Culture Change In India, Rawat Publication, Jaipur.Yokel Causes of struggle ( online ) cited on 4 November URL hypertext transfer protocol //geocities.yahoo.com/causes of struggle

Employment Law Essay

After viewing the Tutorial, terminate the reading, and reviewing the Lecture notes in conjunction with the TCO, answer the following questions relating to adenosine deaminase grow by the ADAAA. If such a situation occurred in your workplace and you were the manager of human resourcesYou are Role/Assignment 1. Would you deem Karina disabled downstairs the ADAAA? If so, what reasonable accommodations would you offer to her?Karina has a medical condition requiring her to take steroids and some other medications. This condition led to Karina gaining weight and not able to wear ii uniform items, the stockings and heels. These conditions affect her back, circulatory system, and endurance level. Additionally, according to her doctor, Karina must term of enlistment wearing the stockings and heels because of her condition. Based on this information, Karina does qualify as disabled steady if she does not display symptoms that interfere with her ability to perform her duties. By takin g medication, Karina is mitigating (reducing) the effects of her sickness. However, her employer cannot consider this information in determining if she has a protected disability under the ADAAA.Karina and her employer should agree on an acceptable re firmness that go away border her medical subscribements, easily identify her as an employee, and procure she presents a professional appearance. To accommodate Karina reasonably, the employer could offer her the opportunity to wear lower heeled (or level) topographic point without stockings. Another alternative would be to allow her to wear knee pants and flat shoes or black tennis shoes.2. From an ADA policy standpoint, what would your example be in terms of an employer ADAAA policy? What would your ideal be as to what the employee (Karina) should be told by the HR department in regards to her rights and obligations pursuant to the ADAAA? From the employer policy perspective, focus on identification of reasonable accommodat ion requirements under applicable law, application of the legal requirements for this scenario, determinations as to whether reasonable accommodations can be made, and move that can be taken to make specific accommodations if requested.An ideal ADAAA policy would comply with all federal and state laws concerning case-by-cases with disabilities and respond to government regulations and counselling issued by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Additionally, the policy ordain not discriminate against satisfactory individuals with disabilities concerning application procedures, hiring, advancement, discharge, compensation (or benefits), training or other terms, conditions and privileges of employment.Individuals requesting accommodation and can be reasonably accommodated without creating an unfounded point or causing a betoken affright to workplace pencil eraser provide be given the same consideration for employment as any other applicant. Candidates that pos e a direct threat to the health, safety, and wellbeing to themselves or others and the threat cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation pass on not be hired.Electronics Are for You allow reasonably accommodate qualified individuals with a disability to ensure they can perform the essential functions of their positions if doing so does not cause a direct threat to these individuals or others in the workplace. Furthermore, Electronics Are For You will not reasonably accommodate an individual if the threat cannot be resolved by reasonable accommodation and/or it creates an undue hardship to the organization. Individuals should contact HR with any questions or requests for accommodation.All employees are required to comply with organization safety standards. Current employees posing a direct threat to the health and/or safety to themselves or others will be placed on appropriate leave until a stopping point can be made regarding their employment situation. Individuals current ly using dirty drugs will not receive coverage under the company ADA/ADAAA policy. The HR department is responsible for implementing this policy, including resolution of reasonable accommodation, safety/direct threat and undue hardship issues.Additionally, during recruiting and hiring phases the organization should devote efforts to assess an individuals qualifications and if they can provide reasonable accommodation. Review training manuals and employee handbooks concerning disabilities to ensure they comply with ADAAA regulations.Under EEOC policy, employers may require employees to wear indisputable articles of vestments to protect themselves and coworkers (e.g., construction workers are required to wear genuine head caparison to prevent injury health care workers wear gloves to prevent transmission system of disease from or to patients). On other occasions, employers may impose dress enactments to identify themselves more easily to customers or to portray a certain image ( e.g., a store requires all sales associates to dress in black). This same policy may also prohibit employees from wearing certain items to promote a certain image (e.g., prohibitions on wearing jeans).If the employee cannot meet the dress code due to disability, the employer may still require compliance if the dress code is job-related and consistent with business necessity. An employer may also require an employee with a disability meet dress standards required by federal law. If an individual with a disability cannot comply with a dress code mandated by federal law, even with a reasonable accommodation, he will not be considered qualified.Electronics Are For You requires their female employees to wear miniskirts, heels, stockings, and sleeveless shirts. Unfortunately, Karina has an illness that makes wearing stockings and heels medically impossible. She is requesting reasonable accommodation based on her doctors diagnosis. Karina and her supervisory program should discuss the situ ation and both come up with a solution to accommodate her needs and properly portray the companys image. This could accommodate allowing her to wear lower heeled shoes and no stocking, or dress pants and black tennis shoes.

Culture and God’s Words Essay

The Bible has long been t separatelying people about the appraise and importance of life. For thousands of years, the Bible has been solid in its advocacy on doing what is dress hat for the life of worldity and each(prenominal) other living creatures in the world. However, firearm human beings innovated new ways of life and new ways of doing things, cultures was born, and often, these cultures argon not in complimentary to perfections words as written in the Bible. With the advent of industrialization, scientific era and the world wide connections and globalization, people tend to acquire not just ways of doing things easier plainly also of making life easier to destroy.People forgot the original message of theology and went on doing things that belittle life in all its forms. According to Toynbee and Ikeda (2008), the twentieth century has been a very devastating era in human history. This is because of the many untold miseries that humans deliver confronted for adhering t o culture to the extreme. Take for interpreter the culture of globalization that is promptly a worldwide phenomenon. Globalization harmonize to Gunton (2004) is simply the opening of barriers to information, market, labor and the like. Globalization gave people the power to have a global village, enabling different countries to connect freely with each other.Despite the benefit of this culture of openness, globalization has also brought so a lot sufferings especially to the poor people who were the subject for labor violations, discrimination and all forms of violence that are forbidden in the Bible. The culture of openness and infinite access brought about by globalization has also created a bane to human security as seen in the September 11 consequent in the United States of America. This case according to Corson and Pearcey (2004) negates the importance of life as emphasized in the Bible.Technological advances in the other hand, also served as a catalyst for a much wider sc ale of destruction. Culture and Gods words oftentimes do not match, but it is up to human beings to make a balance on their commitment to prize life while at the same time adhere to culture. References Colson, C. and Pearcey, N. (2004). How now shall we live. New York. Tyndale House Publishers. Gunton, C. (2004). The one, the three, and the many God, creation, and the culture of modernity. United Kingdom Cambridge University Press. Toynbee, A. and Ikeda, D. (2008). carry Life A dialogue. New York I. B. Tauris and Co. Ltd.

Horror Story Example Essay

The girl stumbled and rolled down the grassy hill, twistinging her fiance with her. For a few minutes they fell, rolling on top of each otherwise before landing in a heap on the padded sand below. The womanhood looked at the man below her, affection selection her eyes as she smiled subconsciously. What are you smiling at? He inquired flipping her everywhere so he was on top of her. Just wondering if why on earth Im marrying someone as deplorable as you do you think its too late to pull expose? The girl answered giggling. Oh really Her fiance answered standing up, grabbing the girls waist and spinning her near. And yes, it is too late to pull out.The wedding is in two days whether you like it or not. He added defiantly, placing the dizzy woman on the ground. She hiccupped, trying to gain her balance. Her fiance let out a th downstairsous laugh, she glared at him. Dont laugh at me Its your fault She groaned, folding her arms across her chest. The alcohols got to your hea droom then? Oh well, more fun for me He say, waggling his eyebrows suggestively.She rolled her eyes and ran in the direction of the ocean. Race you to the water She called over her shoulder childishly. She heard her fiance chuckle from behind her as she reached the water. She started walking further out to sea her heart skipped a beat as her fiance tackled her to the ground. She yelped, a sudden spark of pain running through her understructure. Ow Adam, youve made me cut my stand Thanks The woman complained, playfully slapping Adams chest. He looked at her, a mischievous glint in his eye. Oh, Im depressed Nicky. Should I kiss it better?Her fiance asked, grabbing her leg with tender hands. No you should not Help me up and lets swim Nicky said excitedly. Adam lifted her out of the shallow water and carried her the rest of the musical mode out, before very carefully dropping her back into the water. Together they swam just about in the salty, inky black sea. Nicky entangle a strong force back knock her left foot from below her. Adam, did you just knock my foot? She asked him, worried something was under her. Nope wasnt me I wouldnt worry or so it my love. Nothing out here can hurt you.He swam over to her, grabbing her hand in his. All thoughts and worries disappeared from thought as they kissed passionately in the moonlight. I love you Nicky foster. Her fiance stated truthfully, gazing into her eyes. I lo-Suddenly they were pulled under water. Nicky let go of Adams hand and swam to the surface, looking around her frantically for her fiance. She apace regained her breath before qualifying back under water nevertheless he couldnt see a thing in the murky, dyed depths of the sea. Nicky resurfaced. Panic clouding her mind.Unexpectedly a hand rose out of the water, she let out a gasp of shock as she pulled at the hand and screamed, pure horror now coursing through her veins. The bearing in her hands belonged on her Adams arm. The bone was exposed , vigour and flesh was ragged and torn, fresh warm blood was dripping onto Nickys hand. Salty tears ran down her face, mixing with the gentle current. She threw the hand into the sea and tried to swim for shore, but her left leg was searing with pain. A undulate of nausea passed over her as Nicky, teary eyed and heartbroken felt down her leg.To her utter terror, her leg had been ripped to shreds, blood pulsing from the stub. She panicked, thrashing around in the cold water. Swiftly a great force pulled her under. She could olfactory perception her bones being crunched, her organs being squished. The sea around her sullen red with her blood. She screamed, only small bubbles of precious oxygen escaping her bloodless lips. She unappealing her eyes and tried to imagine Adam, the sweet loving man she was going to marry. Instead all she could think of was images of his ripped, lifeless body. These images haunted her to her death.

Hr Report on Telenor

INTRODUCTION OF TELENOR- pic In Pakistan Telenor launched its operation in March 2005 as the item-by-item largest convey European investment in Pakistan, context of use precedence for advertize foreign investment in the telecom sector. In a small over 2 years, Telenor reach gr have got to be pass off a leading(a) telecom operator in the country. In fiscal year 2006, Telenor secured al closely 200% growth in their subscriber base- The Highest in the industry by a wide margin. Telenor is the fastest growing mobile net lap in the country, with coverage reaching deep into m both of the remotest aras of Pakistan. In most tall(prenominal) terrains, from the hillyNorthern aras to the sprawling desserts in the south, at the clip they be the only operator connecting the previously unconnected. Telenor ar spread across Pakistan, creating 2,200 send and 20,000-plus indirect employment opportunities. We have a net tap of 15 confederation- testifyed gross sales and service cen ters, more than 200 franchisees and few 100,000 retail outlets. pic VISION contestation- Telenor vision is simple they exist to help their customers to get the full return of chat service in their daily lives. The key to achieving this vision is mindset where every genius works together.Making it easy to buy and expend their operate. Their vision is animate vision to find in the altogether ways. Telenor vision statement is- MISSION bidding- At Telenor, it is believed that responsibility and trust atomic number 18 inseparable. Telenor must have trust relationships its customers, holders, employees and society in general. Therefore a de landmarkined effort is do to attend to the assort responsibilities in society in comprehensive and mod way. Telenor striving to be a driving force in creating, simplifying and introducing communication and content solutions to the market place.Their mission statement is- CORE VALUES- Telenor has in general four shopping mall values ? Make it easy ? Keep shiny ? Be inspi annulus ? Be respect full MARKET conduct OF CELLULAR INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN- pic From the above chart we see that Telenor has catched up the warid. Both are tied up at this time. HUMAN option MANAGEMENT be after HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OF TELENOR- Human resourcefulnesss (HR) is intimately(predicate) creating a winning system, generating outstanding logical argument feat through and through the outgrowth of hoi polloi and teams.Working in Telenor composition is high profile, supporting and demands the expertness to take tough, insightful decisions and translate them into operateion. HRs overall function is to devise and action strategies and policies to get wind that they have the right commonwealth with the right skills. Within that, in that location are numerous options For example it could be covering culture change, leadership suppuration, strategic talent focus, coaching and skills emergence or alignment of reward wi th exercise. OBJECTIVE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT- The objective of the Human Resource region is To Facilitate Growth. Telenor people are the most classic asset. In Human Resources (HR) they support and develop people, enabling them to deliver outstanding dividing line performance. Telenor culture is about empowering people, both to contribute to their business objectives and to secure their own own(prenominal) and calling goals. HRs overall function is to devise and implement strategies and policies to ensure that we have the right people with the right skills. HR bus has most important function to they transmit the employees how they fail on integrated discharge. motorbus must have it off what is the employees strength and weakness.So they aspire the employees in weak playing areas. RECRUITMENT & PLACEMENT PRACTICES SELECTION PROCESS- Telenor tell apartion cultivate is designed to identify the potential to become the future business leaders, duration helping people sink if Telenor is the right organization for them. JOB POSTINGS- The eccentric of mediums that they use in order of preference for posting their reflects. 1. Internal C. V Pools They keep track of all their employees CVs & when they have lines accessible they look for potential fundamentdidates among their own staff for internal conjurement. Filling a va plundercy by their current employees is their first choice. . Head hunters- Telenor has depute humans resource corporations or agencies to look for talented & well k outrightledgeable people for them & allow for them with people with the specific interpretations that Telenor has posted. 3. Newspapers- In case they dont get people from above sources they go for domain offerings by magnanimous ads in news papers mostly well have it awayn and mass published newspaper having good provide in the market much(prenominal) a s Dawn, The News or Jang 4. Campus Drives- Telenor in any case sends its HR teams to varied universities campuses for finding out the potential talent that can be of use to them in the future.Their HR people have the descriptions or know description according to which they look for prospective employees. They homogeneouswise provide internship opportunities and accordingly select suitable candidates and then conduct 1-2 normal inter go through and then offered to furrow to selected candidate. COMPENSATION PRACTICES COMPENSATION PLANS- Before deciding on the compensation plans the H. R surgical incision try to understand the goals of the company. Groups of behave affirms are developed so that it would be easier to rack up compensation plans for the employees.Usually promotions to higher group be upon the efforts of the employees and very seldom on their experience. Compensation plans include both direct and non-direct compensations. JOB EVALUATION- The HRM department of Telenor does hire out evaluation. The method utilise by the company is Point method. In bloss om method points and degrees are specified. HRM department conduct the salary surveys, evaluate military controls, and develop stomach grades, use prosecute curves and fine tune pay rates. The discipline is kept as undercover to set up sure that no tuition is being leaked out.In Telenor employee excessively do pedigree evaluation by himself. The employee is often being granted exclusive goals, so he has to work on how to achieve those goals. The goals assigned to him depart introduce sure that employee constantly says and improves in order to achieve the goals. The goals are always very challenging and require the employee to critically lose it his strengths and weaknesses and look for the competencies that he necessitates to develop. PERFORMNCE DEVELOPMENT provision SYSTEM- Telenor have yearbook confidential reporting for their employees evaluations, under which they measure employee performance.This mould of standard performance is run in collaboration with HR & the concerned department whereby each employee is evaluated on occasional basis & in case the performance is above expectations they are instantly rewarded, however in some former(a)(a) circle of less than par performance thither are no punishments such as demotions, salary cuts etc but they are warned in writing, if this does non improves their performance they are again collapsen a second letter in writing which is the last warning they get for improvements. APPRAISAL METHODS- Telenor uses mixed judgement methods most common ones are ?Ongoing Feedback ? 360Degree Feedback PAY STRUCTURE- The pay building of Telenor is kept confidential. They dont provide much teaching regarding their pay structure. The limited information that was provided to us was that including the basic pay. They are overly accustomed bonuses, fuel, and advance in case of emergency. Telnor provides it employees with increments on annual basis. The factors that are kept in consideration during incr ements are the inflation rate of the country, the gentle of task the employees have performed and the kind of experience or position the employees hold. exclusively these factors ensure that they dont encounter any salary concretion difficulty in their work setting. They also analyze the pay structure of their competitors & if they see any changes they also work out their basic pay structures accordingly. Measures are also taken to keep an internal equity among various crafts in the organization. However what we have analyzed during the whole reporting process is that they are paying comparatively higher than the industry. JOB SAFETY PROGRAMS- Telenor provides occupyed job safety programs such as Smoke free surroundingss there are certain areas called weed room where people can smoke. Smoking inside the office is strictly prohibited. ? Fire Equipment Fire alarms are installed in various places and people are given nurture to operate them. ? soupcon Bell the employees are m ade familiar with the emergency bell, which volition ring in case of earthquake or any other matter. salutary WORK ENVIRONMENT- Telenor is responsible for supporting a running(a) surround characterized by high job-satisfaction, opportunities for personal and captain information, and small-scale rate of low leave and injuries.Telenors directors are responsible for establishing effective arrangements to identify and pull off or control work-related hazards and risks, and promote health at work. These arrangements are organized, planned, utilise and evaluated with employee participation. Telenor has conventional a Health, Safety and Working Environment (HSE) Management dust to ensure that the effort to develop and maintain a good running(a) environment is an ongoing process throughout the Telenor Group. TELENOR EMPLOYEES STRATEGIES TO MOVE UP ON CORPORATE fly the coop -Most employees want to move the corporate ladder and is the responsibility of governr how they occur th em. They help to choose the right go. They film the employees about their occupational group and they also trained the employees according to their job. CAREER preparation PROCESS AT TELENOR- An on going process preparing, implementing and monitoring biography plans undertaken by the individual alone or in concern with the organizations public support systems. The practice of organisational charge planning involves matching an individuals move aspirations with the opportunities available in an organization.If a move management is successful, the individual and the organization must assume an equal share of responsibilities for it . The individual must identify his or her aspiration and abilities and through counseling, recognize what instruct and development are compulsory for a particular move path. presbyopic endpoint career planning focuses on Core Workplace Skills such as communications (verbal and written), critical and creative hypothesiseing, teamwork and team b uilding, listening, social, problem-solving, decision-making, interpersonal, project management, planning and organizing, estimator/technology, and commitment to around-the-clock/ liveness enormous learning.Telenor focus on short term and long term career planning- SHORT-TERM CAREER PLANNING Short-term career plan focuses on a time class ranging from the coming year to the nigh year. For a short term career planning Human resource department with the help of HR manager focuses on following exercises- 1. tumble likes and dislikes- They enjoy facts of life programs, companys quarterly/annual meetings and dinning, national and international traveling etc. every single corporate decision is taken after a reference with all germane(predicate) departments. 2. Analyze Passion-Analyze passion reflects on times and situations in which they feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged. 3. Analyze strengths and Weakness- In this analyze work experience, education, culture, skil l development, talent and abilities, proficient knowledge, and personal characteristics. 4. Analyze Definition of success- victor comes to those who make it eliminate not to those who let it happen It think abouts spend some time on knowing how they define success. What is success in their point of view such as wealth, power, control and contentment? 5. Analyze Personality-They prefer young, bachelors, soft spoken, cool minded, found of traveling ,excellent team player/leader, pull down to earth and definitely educated etc In each department they test an individual who is a good intellectual. LONG-TERM CAREER PLANNING- Long term career planning usually involves a planning of volt years or longer and involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation. Long range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skill that employees lead always value while developing personal and career goals in broad strokes.Like HR department has its own plan that how to develop managers and leaders for tomorrow. They have strongly plans to develop individuals who can look after several(prenominal) different regions while sitting in Islamabad office (Head office). Similar opportunities and case studies are offered to such members to locoweed their skills and interests. Beside this an emphasis is also on providing knowledge of all related and relevant things that whitethorn help in their future jobs. USEFUL TOOLS /RESOURCES OF CAREER PLANNING AT TELENOR- These are the creatures that use for career planning at Telenor- . biography perspicacity tools- They have a collection of best self judicial decision tools, designed to give a dampen idea to their employees to analyze attitudes and interests as they relate to possible career choices. Employees are welcomed to share their classified information with HR department and seek professional solutions for their work-related problems. For example the study tool they used for self assessment are workb ooks and workshops and for organizational assessment major tools are performance appraisal, succession planning. . rush change resources Some tools and resources oddly established for jobseekers contemplating a career change. For example I f an employee want to change his career from IT professional to HR person they are provided opportunity for job shadowing. Employees actual moves between few departments he likes work therefore a few days and then finalizes with relevant question of departments and HR manger to switch to specific department. 3. Career exploration resources-They give their employees opportunity to find some great resources designed to help them in order to learn more about different jobs, careers and career exploration. 4. conveyable skills The concept of a transferable skill is a vital job search technique that all the job- seekers should win, through the concept is especially important for career changers and college students. For example each member involv ed in any type of fosterage is held responsible to transfer all these skills to a next person. 5. Workplace value assessment-The assessment tool is used to better understand the core values of the employees working in organization and also analyze what the employees want in their jobs, and career. For example make their employees to fill the required details of all kind of national and international bringing up in the event feed back forms then the management able to know the learning objectives of employees which they want further in their careers. Telenor offers exciting and challenging careers with competitive pay, excellent benefits and exceptional proficiency opportunities.Telenor care their employees and provide them with a relaxed and enriching working environment. Telenor cultivation and further education programs ensure a high professional standard amongst our employees. Telenor believe that a talented and loyal workforce plays a crucial role in the organizations ongoi ng business success. Telenors management and organization is imbued with joint values. The Group Management has devised five leadership requirements that apply to all managers in the Group, and all management groups shall discuss what these requirements mean to them.The demands are Passion for business Change and constant renewal in operation(p) excellence Empower people Integrity pedagogy & DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES readying- The process for providing employees with specific skills or helping those correct deficiencies in their performance. ? develop is the systematic process of altering the behavior of employees in a focus that will achieve the organization goals. fostering is related to present job skills and abilities. It has a current orientation and helps employees master specific skills and abilities ask to be successful. A semiformal teaching program is an effort by the employees to provide opportunities for the employee to acquire job related skills, attitude and knowledge. ? Learning is the act by which the individual acquire skills, knowledge and abilities that result ion a comparatively permanent change in his /her behavior. instruction METHODS- I There are to types of education methods. 1. On the job training 2. Off the job training 1. On the job training- It includes job rotations apprenticeship, understudy assignment and formal mentoring program. 2.Off the job training- Off the job training includes- ? Seminar ? Lectures ? Conferences ? Workshops TELENOR cultivation METHODS- In Telenor training methods include- 1. Class room lectures- It conveys good, personal and problem solving skills and also demonstrates their technical skill by film and videos. 2. ruse exercise- It includes actual performance, case summary, and experimental exercises, role playing and group interaction. 3. Vestibule pedagogy- It includes learning tasks on the same equipment but in a simulated work environmentGOALS OF TRAINING- These are the goals of traini ng 1. planning Validity Did the trainees learn skills or acquire knowledge or abilities during the learning. 2. Transfer Validity- Did the knowledge, skill, abilities erudite in training lead to change performance on the job? 3. Inter organizational validity squeeze out a training program that has been validated in one organization be used successfully in another firm? suit OF TRAINING- Following are the types of training that are commonly used in general in any organization. 1. SKILLS TRAINING-It includes basic literacy skills, technical skills, and interpersonal skills and problem solving skills. 2. Cross functional Training- It involves training employees to perform operation in areas other than their assigned job. 3. Creativity idea It is found on assumption that creativity can be learned 4. Literacy Training- It involves the mastery of basic skills reading, writing, arithmetic and their uses in problem solving. 5. renewal Training- Diversity training program are designe d to discipline cultural oddments and how to respond to these in work place. . Crisis Training- It involves preparing employees with tragedies, crashes and workplace power etc. 7. Customer Service Training- It include provide customer service to give the employee the skills they involve to meet and exceed customer expectation. TELENOR TYPES OF TRAINING- Training divided into two parts- 1. practiced Training- Technical training is conducting whenever they introduces new scheme so that they train their employees about the use of this new scheme. 2. Non Technical Training- This training is further divided into two partsIT Based Training- This training relates to equipment and technology Non IT based Training- Non IT based training is also divided in two section in first section Management training, Communication training, Teams training, Group training is given to employees. And in second section is consisting of launch scheme training, value training, Customer training. DEVELOPM ENT- An effort to provide with the abilities the organization will need in the future. Diagnostic steps in development program CRITERIA FOR TRAINING VERSUS DEVELOPMENT- Training Development Focus reliable job Current and future job Scope Individual employees Work group or organization Time frame Immediate employees Long term death Fix current skill eficit Prepare for future work demands Their range of a function of training is on individual employees such as the training of HR manager where as scope of development is on the entire workgroup like sales group working in their separate departments or other groups in their organization. Their training is job precise and addresses particular performance defects or problems, where as development is concerned with the work forces skills and versatility. Their training tends to focus on immediate organizational needs while development tends to focus on long term requirements.The goal of training is a fairly quick improvement in work ers performance their main vex is to satisfy their customer as well as for this purpose they train their employees and spend huge amount on their training for this they focus on the immediate organization needs. Whereas the goal of development is the overall enrichment of the organizations human resources Training strongly influences present performance levels, while development pays off in terms of more capable and flexible human resources in the long run.Their highly tailored approach to training ensures that their employees enjoy increased performance, achieve higher levels of customer delight and more motivated and committed towards their work. RELATIONSHIPBETWEEN murder APPRAISAL AND CAREER- There is specific description of HR manager responsibilities that are associated after conducting evaluation with respect to career development. Assessment- legal preparation of performance development plans, for their employees, requires the ability to assess the needs of the employee a nd the organization.Employee may develop own skills in this area by attending the course, Enhancing Career and Organizational Options, offered by Staff Education and Development on job. process their employees to set career goals that are consistent with their skills, knowledge, experience and interests by providing feedback based on observations and assessment of their abilities, readiness and potential. The assessment should be based on managers actual experience and observation of employee performance and behavior rather than on assumptions and personal biases.Providing Information- HR manager will support career development when he informs an employee about options for and possible barriers to career movement. For example, he may tell his employees about upcoming positions or openings for which they may be qualified, or about budgetary constraints which may inhibit career options or development opportunities in the unit or department indicateral- Refer employees to others wh o can assist them in achieving development goals.It is the responsibility of HR manager, to be aware of the appropriate referral sources both indoors and outside of the department. He may refer employees to books, journals, professional associations or other sources of information. He may also put them in touch with people who might be ordain to serve as mentors or with those who might provide an information interview in which employees can learn more about a house or position from someone who is currently working in that area or capacity. Guidance- Encourage employees to focus on clear, specific and come-at-able career goals.Share knowledge and experience with employees. Typical questions employees have are 1) What is required to move to the next logical position? 2) What are the chances for advancement in this department? 3) How to be mobile within the company? 4) What is the difference between a promotion and an upward reclassification? 5) Who to contact for further informa tion or career counseling. Provide guidance to employees about steps they might take to improve existing skills and knowledge or develop in new functional areas. Develop-HR manager support employee development when he assigns employees roles or tasks which challenge them and provide the opportunity to grow. Base decisions about development options and opportunities on a careful assessment of the employees readiness to accept additional or new responsibilities or challenges. Provide on-the-job training and refer employees to classes, workshops, and other learning and development opportunities, and recommend employees to serve on committees, task forces or cross-functional teams. CONCLUSION-As Telenor one of the best cellular organization, thus it is very difficult to for me give recommendations to them. They continuous analyse their strategies and make adjustments according to their requirements. They follow almost all norms of efficient working environment and at the heart of it li es the HRM department that manages people very effectively. The HRM departments make programs like performance development planning, which ensures that the employees learn the skills are necessary to achieve the organizational goals.Other then that, they also want employees to put up suggestions for training needs. These way employees evaluate themselves and ask for training if they feel any deficiency. They have also discussed the career path from both perspective organizational point of view and individual point of view. After informal chat with the employees we come across that they are satisfied with their work, working environment, salary, incentives and the behavior of top management. In my point of view Telenor is the best company providing services to their customers.But few things like long working hours and working even on public holidays and fear of monotonous job is one of the greatest challenge which HR department need to meet in coming years. After analyzing I came to know that the training they provided to their employees is satisfactory after informal chat with some employees I realize that employees are happy and satisfied with their current job status and also they are able to handle all the tasks given to them because they trained in such a manner that they become the master of all traits thats why they easily handle every new challenge and complicated projects.Their performance appraisal is directly link with the career of their employees and thats why after evaluating it will be helpful for employees that HR manager properly guide them in order to set career goals that are consistent with their skills, knowledge, experience and interests by providing feedback based on observations and assessment of their abilities, readiness and potential. By this employees get to know where they stand right now and what are their strengths and weaknesses through which they get the opportunity to know the possible movements in their careers.They are also t riumphant in order to keep the motivational level of their employees and thats why turnover rate is tremendously low as compare to other companies because they give appropriate incentives to their employees, provide them such type of friendly environment so that employees themselves motivated towards their work and provide their employees full opportunity to develop their career. In this way Telenor organization guide their employees how they move up on corporate ladder. RECOMMENDATION ON TELENOR- ? The company should increase the number of intakes for the management trainee programs and also for internships.This would help students from all over the country who want to be a part of this multinational to learn from their practices. On the other hand, the organization will get more people to assist them. ? There should no biasness at all because due to this the conflicts are not to solve but it will increase so it should better,do not iterfere any personel matters of others but try t o understand each and every one should live equality. other so that they would exactly know what are the deficiencies in the current employees and what are the areas that they will have to focus on for training. Job rotation is not effectively used by the organization as a tool which would help employee learning and growth. Other then the management trainee program, the tool is not used anywhere else. Thus, restricting the employees in their own departments and with their own works and limiting their understanding about the workings of other departments and jobs. ? Frequent postings to different locations within the country draws dissatisfaction among the employees. The organization must recruit employees from the same location where the vacancy is from.Recruiting the employee from different city and then placing him in other city would decrease employees job satisfaction. ? Communication trainings and tests should conduct by the company for the betterment of the Company and the em ployees. ? The Company should be flexible in recruiting the person because no one is perfect in this world so he should be up to the mark and have ability to accomplish the requiments of the Company. STRATEGIES OF MINE THAT HOW I MOVE UP ON CORPORATE LADDER IN ORGANIZATION- If I want to move on a corporate ladder that means firstly I will decide my career planning.CAREER PLANNING PROCESS- The decision that how I will spend my working life is critically important. To manage my work/life effectively, i need to understand What I am, what options I have, how I can get to where I want to go. I may not be able to control all the circumstances that impact upon my life, but I can influence the direction my life is going, and I can make decisions that are right for me. Managing your career is not a one-time event it is continuous cycle of personal development. As goals are reached, new goals are established and development continuous in new direction.There are several steps in process, as i llustrated below- metres Of Career proviso Process-pic Step 1- deposit where I want to go- In first step managing my career I will know myself, an important part of this self insight knows where i want to go in career. Why do I pursue the work and the life I do? In short in this step I will identify the interests, values, and skills that already have and which allow me to contribute profitably to my workplace. This will help me to see more clearly which competencies and life interests I want to continue to use in a work setting and those i may want to develop further.This self- reflection will guide me in determining career goals that are a good fit. Step 2-Identify my strength and development areas In this step I will identify my strength and areas of development. It will enable me to receive input from my manager, peers, people, and other colleagues on the leadership competencies deemed critical to the provincial service. Step3- Make a career development plan- In this step I wi ll create my career development plan. Completing the plan will help me make the link between my career goals and the development that will help me move toward the achievement of my goals.Based on my past performance, strengths and career goals, I will prioritize my areas for development. I will identify what type of opportunities will train my development areas and explore how to access these opportunities. Step 4- Getting close-set(prenominal) to your goals- For many individuals, their career goal involves moving into a new position. Success in getting a job externally or within government is largely determined by gaining entry to the interview and then interviewing well. Good resumes are ital to getting an interview and strong interview skills are a must in selling the match between your qualifications and the job requirements. This workshop will provide you with the necessary skills to compete effectively for job opportunities. CONCLUSION- According to me, Be a leader, genera te different ideas, be willing to hard work, face challenging jobs , loyal to organization, colleagues, boss and also loyal to yours self that is the method of moving up on corporate ladder. QUESTIONAIRES FROM HR MANAGER OF TELENOR- Q1) Do have career Planning scheme in your organization?Q2) what are the objectives of career planning and management in your organization? Q3) Do you have careered planning strategy in your organization? Q4) Do you assessment/ development centers in organization? Q5) How do you manage individual versus organization related to career development? Q6) Do you think career development is valuable for organization and employees? Q7) How do you make the training plan? Q8) What are the key difficulties and challenges faced by your organization in achieving the career development strategies /objective?Q9)In your estimation are you achieving the desired objectives of career development. BIBLIOGRAPHY- www. telenor. com. pk www. altavista. com. pk www. google. co m. pk Telenor ideas that simplify Telenor to create value for the customer by providing quality services affordable price. Training Technical Non-Technical Product Specific IT Based Training Non-IT Based Training Work analytic thinking Observation Questionnaires Performance review Critical incident Management training Communication training Teams training Group trainingSales training Brand training scathe training Customer training Determines behavior needed to perform work and performance standard. Examine work requirements, specifications and changes in work Organizational analysis Discussion Rewards Analysis of meetings Review goals, mission and strategic plan Determine short and long term goal of the organization. Human resource analysis Observation Records Critical incidents Develop behavior objectives to be accomplished through development programs. Objectives to be used in evaluation of success of program.

Macbeth’s change in charcter

This essay leave al wiz come to the foreline the main influences on Macbeths shell. I will highlight the differences in this personality and how dramatically his grammatical case changes and why he chose to act as he did. In order to do this, I establish to come out at the fill from other critical aspects. I have a great advantage as well as as I attended Macbeth at Crumlin Road Gaol on November 2nd 2007. This advanced my knowledge and cause of the touch. I will analyse the transition in Macbeths character from an patent heroic position to that of a merciless tyrant, corrupted by forces two within, and beyond, his control.Macbeth is first filln as a heroic worthy character in the impart. This is foundn finished the language Shakespeare uses in addition when mightiness Duncan first bear upons to him sayingO valiant cousin, worthy gentle man.(Act 1 guess 2 L24) female monarch Duncan says this as he hears the good news of the battle. He has found out that Macbeth has fought valiantly against his enemies and re struggleds him with this new title. In Act One prospect both Line 1, we receive the first indication that violence is going to be integrated into the plot and we moderate this later through the violent actions of Macbeth. even off Duncan himself alludes to the violent implications of the play when he saysWhat bloody man is that?(Act1 Scene2 L1)From this state custodyt on that point is perhaps a hint that Duncan will be sweep awayed later in the play. The murder of a King in Jacobean England was considered a criminal offence against nature and the Gods. Shakespeare sweard in The Divine Right of Kings and therefore Macbeths deeds later in Act Two of the play, would be considered shameful and treasonous. Also, Shakespeare was writing a play about a Scottish King in order to impressment his have got monarch James I. Macbeth is seen to be well-respected and admired by King Duncan at the beginning of the play, as his King refers to him asNoble Macbeth(Act1 Scene3 L68)Macbeths character begins to change when the witches chant.All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, thane of Cowdow.(Act1 Scene3 L48)This makes Macbeth fear for the future and also makes him curious and later obsessed with gaining more knowledge from these witches. The question of how lots the witches influence his mind is clearly debatable, but there is no question that they plant the seeds of regicide within Macbeths mind. This is first shown through Banquo, as he says sizeable sir, why do you start and seem to fear things that sound so fair?(Act1 Scene3 L49-50)This is also evident, when Macbeth saysStay you imperfect speakers, tell me more,(Act1 Scene3 L68)This is when his obsession and proclivity for situation and glory, actually begins. This curiosity overwhelms him and so from this, we gather that the witches influence him and appropriate it into his head that he should become king. How much was Macbeth responsible? I personally feel that he certai nly has to take some responsibility for his actions, although he was certainly influenced by forces beyond his understanding.Lady Macbeth plays a leading division in influencing Macbeth, her husband, to turn the way he did. She does this by stinging his manhood, specially when she saysWhen you durst do it, then you were a man. And to be more that what you were, you would be so much more of a man.(Act 1 Scene7 L49-51)We see here that Macbeth allows himself to be manipulated by his wife who insidiously attacks his manhood and we see here the power that she exercises over her husband which proves that she is a major influence on his character. We see this further (following the murder of Duncan) when she chastises him for taking the daggers from the start remarkingWhy did you bring these daggers from the place? They mustiness lie there, go carry them and smear the sleepy grooms with blood.(Act2 Scene 2 L51-5.)Here Lady Macbeth is ordering her husband to do what she says and so we b elieve that she is a motivating factor in her husbands fate- driving Macbeth to kill his king.Macbeths character is clearly changing at this point in the play and he is seen to have changed significantly from the image of the noble Macbeth. Even the witches refer to him as wickedBy the pricking of my thumbs something wicked this way comes.(Act4 Scene1 L44-5)This proves that Macbeth has changed this is a very significant part in the play. Even Macbeths language changes passim as he once spoke courteously to people, for example when he is made the Thane of Cawdor he politely greets Ross and Angus by sayingI thank you, gentlemen(Act1Scene3L47)Later, in Act Four, he dramatically changes as further again he refers to the witches as Midnight hags (Act4 Scene1 L47) He also insults them by vocation them Filthy. (Act4 Scene1 L114) Macbeth begins to hallucinate, due to offense and remorse. This begins during the dagger speech and surfaces again during the banquet scene when he sees the sp irit of Banquo, whom he killed out of pure selfishness and paranoia. He thinks he sees Banquo even though he is dead, thus leading us to believe that Macbeth has gone completely madThou art too give care the sprit of Banquo(Act 4 Scene1 L11)For the blood-bolterd Banquo smiles upon me,(Act4 Scene1 L 122.)By him saying blood-bolterd, (meaning covered in clot blood) we are led to believe that he is seeing him as he did when he killed him. Macbeth is therefore unbalanced and, following the murder of Banquo, he continues to show signs of madness and desire for power, believing that he cannot be killed and that anyone who attacks or threatens him must also be killed, as he saysI must iron the course. Whats he that was not born of woman? Such a one am I to fear, of none,(Act5 Scene7 L1)In the end, Macbeth has changed very much and is no monthlong the man that Duncan referred to as Noble Macbeth. He is now just equivalent the murderous traitor known as the Thane of Cowdor. The main inf luences on his character are that he was driven to greed and power because of his own selfishness and also by listening to the lies of the Witches and Lady Macbeth. The play is particularly effective because it is a lesson to all of us about what power does to an individual, if he seeks to ignore his own moral values and principles. This was brought clearly to my attention when I experienced the play in performance and personally acted out various scenes from the play, which is clearly what Shakespeare think for his audience.Clodagh Mc HenryCreativeEnd of para 1.For weeks now the Free-Staters have been waging a ferocious war against the irregulars, which brings back terrible memories of the previous war with the Auxies and the Black and Tans. De Valera was right when he said that the Volunteers would have to wade through Irish blood- this is exactly what is happening in Ireland at present.Para 4 -What is this tragic news which I must impart to you? It all happened on Friday last. I was ordered to mount a rooftop and patrol an area come out to The Four Courts. A fierce gun-fight ensued ,resulting in the loss of several men from my unit. Then I took a hit from a sniper, hidden obscure within the darkness of a roof-top opposite. I didnt even look to see if I recognized the insurgent. I shot back at him straight off and the perpetrator fell to the ground, stiff. Lifeless. Dead.The blood was oozing from my right forearm. . . Then the guilt set it and,* and the thought that I had killed someone so close to me. there is no telling what a man might do in a desperate situation in times of war we do the most awful things to one another. Seamus and I were so close and in that one brief second, everything we meant to one another was shattered How could this happen? My land is at an end

Impressionist’s Gender Roles Essay

Manets Olympia (circa 1863) is a untainted example of the reclining nude. This appears to be a private space as at that place is an attending woman included in the pictorial matter. In contrast to this Berthe Morisots landscape painting is a public piece, depicting people on a promenade. For Manets painting, the spectator relates in a blatant voyeuristical way, gazing upon the nude just as the nude stares bear out at the viewer in a poised repose. Morisots painting is striking because she depicts women protrude and about, not confined to a garden persey, but out in the open (two women and a small young-bearing(prenominal) child).In both paintings, the women interpret appear to be of high class, since the woman in Manets painting has a servant and the two women in Morisots painting project parasols indicating that they have enough money for accoutrements. Manets painting is a chaste gaze painting, meaning there are tones of voyeurism but that the subject gazes back at the v iewer with her head held high as though she were not indeed naked. In Morisots painting, there is a marked length amidst the subjects and the viewer allowing the viewer more freedom to gaze upon these women and their stares do not penetrate the canvas back toward the viewer.It is interesting to telephone circuit that Manets painting depicts a nude woman who stares blatantly back at the viewer while Morisots painting depicts clothed women who do note even recognize the viewers presence into their world. Thus, the difference between and anthropoid and female painters is taken note of in this instance The female painter does not allow her subjects to look back while the male painter has a fully nude woman strongly gaze upon the viewer.

Moolaadé Story Essay

Seven years ago, a woman and a mother refused to subject her only daughter to be under the atrocious employ of female circumcision. Moolaad is the story of this woman, Coll Ardo, a insurgent and strong-minded split second wife of Cir in a small sequester African colonisation who single-handedly refused to allow 5 girls to suffer by the customary Salind ceremony. She was in antonym with the practice of venereal mutilation due to her own(prenominal) experiences and she didnt want others to suffer like her. Colls Moolaad enraged the Salindana, who were the wo custody who performed culture ritual and the male olds who viewed her actions as threats to their values. As a sign of dominance, the hands confiscated the womens radios, which devastated the women because it was their source to news and music impertinent of their isolated lives.When the five girls leakaged the Salind ceremony and came to Coll, she willingly offe going them Moolaad, or protection. Coll was scarred af ter losing 2 children during childbirth due to her own genital mutilation. She remembers the pain she had to go finished and the nurse had to open her up to deliver her only surviving daughter, Amasatou. Coll remained true that she would never let Amasatou to finaleure the agony of organism cut. Colls stochasticity with the old tradition caused outrage in the dominating gray parliamentary procedure who viewed her actions as disrespect to tradition and Moslem religion. The male elders took away the womens radios because they didnt want women being rund by radical ideas.Coll was needlelikely pressured by the Salindana and the male elders, including her economise to lift the Moolaad. Her refusal forced her husband to whip her publically but she never once verbalized the word. Colls actions beamed her bravery and decision which mobilized the other women in the small town to support Colls intentions and realize the dread(a) effects of purification. She was an intelligen t woman who encouraged the other women to realize that the men were oppressing them from the truth by taking away their radios, so the women wouldnt weigh over unrea passwordable ideas. Coll supported her deep-rooted opposition to genital mutilation with picture that contradicted the mens inaccurate dictations.While, listening to the radio Coll had learned that Islam didnt tolerate female genital mutilation because thousands of Islamic women would go to Mecca for pilgrimage and they werent cut, which shocked many of the male elders who still appeared to be ignorant. Through this, the women in the crossroads united together and bonded through the pain each of them suffered through their genital mutilations. There is a sense of relief and happiness that reflect off these women in the arrest when they burned the knives used to bring vile to generations of women who feel under the dreadful practice. As Coll and the village women in their struggles end the practice of female geni tal cutting, they began their own feminism movement revolutionizing their nominate in lodge.Both characters having seen the arena beyond the village and convinced of the carry for change become marvelous allies of Coll and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged crossways ethnic, class, gender and generational lines suck up historically been all important(p) to the success of kind-hearted rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female genital cutting, they are requirement and Moolad shows us why. caused a sudden awareness among the other oppressed women in the village when her husband whipped her publically but she never once uttered the word. Allegedly eradicationUnlike many novel Hollywood do reads almost Africa, Moolad is a story somewhat Africa do by Africans from a distinctly topical anesthetic perspective. Yet, it speaks to universal themes of power, oppression and emancipation. In depicting wholeness womans struggle to protect others from an tyrannous and inhibiting tradition, Sembene brings great sensibility and nuance to topic that is often discussed from simplistic, patronizing and polarizing standpoints. He deftly explores non only the conflict between local handed-down values and the influence of modern ideas, but in any case the gender and generational tensions within a community largely isolated from the outside world.Although the plastic film obviously seeks to scrap the practice of female genital cutting and entreat questions close to its legitimacy, it does so with sensitivity to underlying social complexities. It provides a glimpse into the perspective of local African tribesmen who see the practice of female genital cutting as process of purification and older women who see it as a necessary rite of passage for their daughters. However disagreeable their positions whitethorn appear, Sembene brings their voices to the st ory in a way that is neither condescending nor patronizing.beyond its message, Moolad is a cinematic delight. Sembene assembles a group of colourful characters that add wisdom to his portrayal of campestral African life and make for a more(prenominal) compelling storyline. Although this film is essentially about the local tribulations of an African village, it still mange to engage the outside world through two intriguing characters a local gipsy vendor, nicknamed Mercenaire who previously worked as an aid worker, and a favoured son of the village Chief, Ibrahima, who returns home base from his studies in France to take a bride. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Coll and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of pityin g rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female genital cutting, they are essential and Moolad shows us why.Ultimately, this movie is not simply about oppression and social turmoil or about progressive citizens and regressive traditions. It is more about the resilience of the human tactile property and the tenacity of cut-and-dried people determined to change their destinies. It is an excursion into the dilemmas that present a society caught in the midst of social and cultural change. For the human rights scholar and teacher, it provides a subtle but invaluable resource for elevation awareness about the practice of female genital cutting and offers a means of ground and explaining a controversial topic to an audience strange with the social and cultural intricacies associated with the practice. Set in a remote Muslim village in Burkina Faso, Moolad is the story of Coll, a defiant and strong-willed second wife of an elder in a West African village who refuses to allow foursome little girls to undergo the traditional circumcision ceremony.After losing two daughters in childbirth due to her own circumcision, Coll had refused to allow her surviving daughter, Amasatou, to lay out the ordeal of being cut. Colles moolaad stirs the anger of the Salidana, a group of women dressed in red gowns who perform the mutilation. She is also forced to stand up to the intimidation of her husband and his brother and the male elders in the village who see her as a threat to their values. As a gesture of control, the men confiscate the womens radios, their main source of news of outside life. Rigidly defending their traditions and what they dubiously see as a practice sanctioned by Islam, they also turn against an itinerant merchant they call Mercenaire (Dominique Zeida) who comes to the aid of Colle in a shocking scene of public flogging. As the issue becomes crystallized, many women chew out to Colles support whose courage in the face of determined opp osition is of heroic proportions.She is thrust into an unfolding drama of village politics when she offers Moolad (protection) to the girls who escape the circumcision ceremony. Moolad is the mystical protection which in the local custom can be invoked to provide place of safety. Colls interference draws the fury of her deeply patriarchal community which sees her action as an affront on its culture and Islamic religion. Coll can lift the Moolad with a single word and comes under the intense pressure of the male elders, her husband and some fellow women to do so. Her obdurate refusal to lift the Moolad draws other women and girls to her cause and sets the stage for a standoff with the village elders that erupts in the centre of the village and shatters the tranquility of the community.Unlike many recent Hollywood made films about Africa, Moolad is a story about Africa made by Africans from a distinctly local perspective. Yet, it speaks to universal themes of power, oppression and em ancipation. In depicting one womans struggle to protect others from an oppressive and inhibiting tradition, Sembene brings great sensitivity and nuance to topic that is often discussed from simplistic, patronizing and polarizing standpoints.He deftly explores not only the conflict between local traditional values and the influence of modern ideas, but also the gender and generational tensions within a community largely isolated from the outside world. Although the film obviously seeks to challenge the practice of female genital cutting and raise questions about its legitimacy, it does so with sensitivity to underlying social complexities. It provides a glimpse into the perspective of local African tribesmen who see the practice of female genital cutting as process of purification and older women who see it as a necessary rite of passage for their daughters. However disagreeable their positions may appear, Sembene brings their voices to the story in a way that is neither condescendin g nor patronizing.Beyond its message, Moolad is a cinematic delight. Sembene assembles a group of colourful characters that add depth to his portrayal of rural African life and make for a more compelling storyline. Although this film is essentially about the local tribulations of an African village, it still mange to engage the outside world through two intriguing characters a local itinerant vendor, nicknamed Mercenaire who previously worked as an aid worker, and a favoured son of the village Chief, Ibrahima, who returns home from his studies in France to take a bride. Both characters having seen the world beyond the village and convinced of the need for change become unlikely allies of Coll and the village women in their struggles to end the practice of female genital cutting. Such unlikely partnerships forged across ethnic, class, gender and generational lines have historically been crucial to the success of human rights struggles. In the campaign against the practice of female genital cutting, they are essential and Moolad shows us why.Ultimately, this movie is not simply about oppression and social turmoil or about progressive citizens and regressive traditions. It is more about the resilience of the human spirit and the tenacity of ordinary people determined to change their destinies. It is an excursion into the dilemmas that confront a society caught in the midst of social and cultural change.For the human rights scholar and teacher, it provides a subtle but invaluable resource for raising awareness about the practice of female genital cutting and offers a means of understanding and explaining a controversial topic to an audience unfamiliar with the social and cultural intricacies associated with the practice. Set in a remote Muslim village in Burkina Faso, Moolad is the story of Coll, a defiant and strong-willed second wife of an elder in a West African village who refuses to allow four little girls to undergo the traditional circumcision ceremony. Af ter losing two daughters in childbirth due to her own circumcision, Coll had refused to allow her surviving daughter, Amasatou, to face the ordeal of being cut.