Age of Imperialism

Imperialism (18501914) * Imperial refers to * empire * Royalty * Extending positions * Age of Imperialism(http//www. smplanet. com/teaching/ violetism/SAW1) * Main Events * 1823 Monroe Doctrine reflected special U. S. fire in Americas * 1850 European trading with Africa becomes well established * 1852 Napoleon third (Louis Napoleon) proclaimed himself emperor of France * 1869Suez Canal opens (Egypt) 1871Bismark completed unification of German pudding stone * 18841885Berlin Congress arrays rules for African colonization * 1898 * f totally in States acquired Philippines, annexed Hawaii * get together States won Spanish-American contend * 1899Boer state of war began in s bring outhward Africa * 1910 Mexican conversion began * 1914 * Most of Africa is under European control * World War I began * 1918World War I ended IndustrialismImperialismNationalism Industrialism * cabbage maximation England Factory system * Resources from colonies * Mass production goods = sell & export to the colonies * Profit maximization * Industrialization stirred ambitions in many European countries * Competed recent marketplaces for make goods * Saw Africa as a source for materials and a market * Colonial power seized lots of areas in Africa during the 19th and 20th centuries * Imperialism * settlement * World market * England as the world power in the 1820s. * superpower World standing the sun never sets on the England Empire * ordinarily through array might and sometimes economics * Seizure of a territory by a stronger country * * Throughout out around Africa, stronger countries endured in many areas * * Europeans ignored the claims of African heathen roots, kingdoms, and city-states * * African nations continue to fell the effects of the colonial presence more than blow years later * Europeans established colonies. * 1823Monroe Doctrine A reaction to the license Latin America+ Mexico+Central America * * After 1823, only Bolivia is lighten under spanish co ntrol * It warned European nations that continuing to be in the Americas is going to be seen as an act of aggression * Claimed to help the Latin Americas, further it actually restrained and threatened them to follow rules from the united States * The United Stateshad the right to intervene problems in the western hemisphere * White Mans sum * Nationalism and social Darwinism Racist patronizing that preached that superior Westerners had an obligation to baffle their culture to uncivilized people in former(a) pars of the world * Germany and Russia curiously used imperialistic drives to divert popular attention from the class battle at home and to create a false sense of guinea pig unity. Causes of Imperialism * Nationalism * British colonized Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland * Colonists wanted their freedom (1800s) * To ingest power, European nations compete for colonies and commerce * European Migration Between 1815 and 1932 more than 60 million people left Europe * Migrants went primarily to European live areas * North and South America * Australia * New Zealand * Siberia * European migration provided further heading for Western expansion (Westernization) * More were poor from rural areas, though seldom from the poorest classes ( collectible to oppressive land policies) * Economic Competition * Search for new markets and rude materials * Missionary works * more successful in African and Asian areas Europeans believe they must spread their Christian teachings to the world * New troops and naval bases to protect ones interests against some other European powers * British concerned by French and German land grabs in 1880s * might stamp off their empires with high tariffs and restrictions * future economic opportunities might be lose * Increases tensions amongst the haves (British Empire) and the have nons (Germany & Italy) who came in latte to the Imperialist * Dr. David Livingston 1st pureness man to do humanitarian and religious work i n southern and central Africa Old & New Imperialism * Europes influence continued to expand in the 19th degree Celsius, and for all the same old reasons * European imperialism became global in nature, with Britain the world leader (The sun never sets on the British Empire) * Contradictory Many European nations explored nationalism, liberalism * Old Imperialism * 15th 16th century * Didnt penetrate into Africa or Asia * No substantial influences on lives of people European powers did not usually acquire territory except for Spain in Americas and Portugal in Brazil, but rather built a series of trading post * Respected and frequently cooperated with local anesthetic rulers in India, china, lacquer, Indonesia, another areas where trade flourished amidst locals and european coastal trading centers * New Imperialism * A insurance policy in which one country seeks to expound its authority by conquering other countries or by establishing economic and political dominance everywher e other countries. European nations conquers with armies * New military and naval bases to protect their interest * ski tow taxes to restrain land grab * 18th 19th century * Influences over economic, political and socials lives of people * People were used to benefit the European economies * Forms of Imperialism * settlement * A country or territory governed internally by a foreign power * Protectorate * A country of territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power * Sphere of Influence An area in which an outside power claims sole(a) investment or trading privileges * Economic Imperialism * An independent but less-developed country controlled by private business interest tauter than other governments Imperial circumspection Methods * Indirect comptroller * Local government officials used * Limited self-rule * Develop future leaders * presidency institutions are based on European styles but may have local rules * Direct Control * Foreign of ficials brought in to rule * No self-rule Paternalism Europeans governed people in a parietal way by providing for their penurys but not giving them rights * Assimilation based on the idea that in time, the local populations would adopt French culture and become like the French * Government institutions are based only on European style * bequest of Colonial Rule * Positive * Colonization * Europeans control lands and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America * Reduced local warfare (variety in ethnic groups) * Humanitarians provided schools and hospitals (better living conditions) * Colonial Economics Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies * African products came to be valued on supranational market * Christianization * Christianity spreads to Africa, India and Asia * Negative * Africa lost its independence and its land * Contempt for the traditionalistic culture and admiration of European life undermined stable societies and c aused identity problems for Africans * disagreement of African continent * created problems that plagued African colonies during European occupation Africa 1880Europeans controlled 10% of Africa (mainly on the coast) * Scramble for African Territory because of the discoveries of diamonds in South Africa * By 1914Europeans controlled all Africaexcept Liberia and Ethiopia * late 1860s congo Sparks Interest * David Livingstone traveled with a group of Africans to central Africa to promote Christianity * 1871Henry Stanleyfound Livingston (whom westerners thought to be dead) * his newsprint reports created European interest in Africa * Stanley sought aid of king of Belgium to dominate the Congo region. 1879 1882Stanley signed treaties with local chief of the Congo River Valley * Gave index Leopold II of Belgium the control of these lands * He claimed that his motive in establishing colony was to stamp out the slavery and promote Christianity * But he exploited Africans brutally (co llect motley fool from rubber plants) * At least 10 million Congolese died due to his abuses * 1908Belgian Government took over power of the colony * Belgian Congo (80 times larger than Belgium) This action alarmed France * Soon Britain, Germany, Italy, Portugal and Spain claimed parts of Africa * Berlin gathering * 18841885 * 14 European Nations established the rules for conquest of Africa * PAPER PARTITION * Sponsored by Bismarck & Jules Ferry * Sought to precent conflict over imperialism * Coincided with Germans rise as an imperial power * Agreed to stop slavery and slave trade in Africa * No African rulers were invited to attend these meetings * Factors promoting Imperialism in Africa European expert superiority * 1884Maxim Gun (worlds 1st auto machine gun) * intention of steam-boat, made it easy to travel (for Europeans) * Susceptible to malaria (disease carries by dense swarms of mosquitoes in Africas interior * 1829perfection of drug protected Europeans from malaria * Vari ous languages and cultures in Africa * demoralized the unity in Africa * Africans, Dutch and BritishClashed over South Africa for resources and lands * Zulus & British * 1816Shaka, a Zulu chief created a large centralized state by isciplined warriors and good military organization * 1879Zulu king Cetshwayo refused to dismiss the Zulu army * not accepting British Rules * British invaded Zulu nation * July 1879 skirmish of Ulundi * The Zulus lost the Battle and their Kingdom * 1887Under British control * Boers & British in mantel * 1st Europeans settle in South Africa were the Dutch * 1625Dutch came to the chimneypiece of Good Hope * established way station for sailing between Dutch East Indies and the Netherlands * Those Dutch settlers were known as theBoers 1880sBritish took over the Cape colonization PERMANENTLY * Boers clashed over British policy (land & slaves) * 1830sGreat Trek * Boers moved to North in order to chip the British African Colonization & Independence * 1884West ern leaders met to fraction Africa into colonial holdings * 1914nearly all of Africa is under European controls * European imperial powers set national borders in Afirca without regard for local ethnic or political divisions 1898 Fashoda Incident * France & Britain nearly went to war over Sudan France backed shovel in in the face of the Dreyfus Affair * Wanted to connect Cape to capital of Egypt by railroads 1899 1902 The Boer War (South Africa War) * Boers blamed British bringing the outsiders into Africa (for minerals diamonds and gold) * 1st advanced(a) total war * British countered by burning Boer lands and imprisoning women and children * Black South Africans were involved in the war * British won * 1910Boer republics joined heart and soul of South Africa, which was controlled by the British * Cecil Rhodes * Prime Minister of Cape Colony Principal sponsor of the Cape-to-Cairo (British wanted to control over the continent) * Rhodes wanted to extend his influence there after the diamonds and gold were discovered in the Transvaal but rein controlled by Boers (Dutch settlers) * Kruger Telegram (1902) * Kaiser Wilhelm II (starter of WWI) * Congratulated Boers on defeating British invaders without need of German assistance * Anger swept through Britain and targeted at Germany Asia 1898 Spanish-American War * Mid-1890s the United States had developed substantial business holdings in Cuba. It had an economic position in the fate of the country. * Objected to the Spanish brutality. * Helped Cuban war for independence. * Lasted about foursome months. * U. S. forces launched their first attack not on Cuba but on the Philippine Islands * Unprepared for a war on two fronts, the Spanish military quickly collapsed. * U. S. defeated Spain (took Philippines, Guam, Hawaii & Cuba) * 1901 Cuba became an independent nation * BUT United States installed a military government and continued to exert control over Cuban affairs. - caused tensions * American had become the d ominate imperial power in Latin America 1898 1901 Boxer Rebellion * Anti-foreign pro to nationalist strawman by the Righteous Harmony in China * Took place against a background of serious drought and economic disruption in reaction to foreign influence * Opposing Imperialism and Christianity from the foreigners * June 20thA German diplomatic minister stationed in China (Klemens Freiferr von Kettler) represented various countries going zongli yamen and demanded protection, is ambushed by the expire soldier on the way * Led to war 904 1905 Russo-Japanese War * Sino-Japanese War * Japanese Victory, China lost Manchuria * 1903They had a war over Manchuria * Japan claimed they will recognize the right of Russian in Manchuria if Russian stayed out of Korea. Russian refused * Japan launched a surprise attaching on Russian ships at Manchuria, which this action resulted in Russo-Japanese War